DOM XSS

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DOM Vulnerabilities

Vulnerabilities za DOM hutokea wakati data kutoka kwa vyanzo vinavyodhibitiwa na mshambuliaji (kama location.search, document.referrer, au document.cookie) inahamishwa kwa usalama kwenda sinks. Sinks ni kazi au vitu (k.m., eval(), document.body.innerHTML) ambavyo vinaweza kutekeleza au kuonyesha maudhui hatari ikiwa vitapewa data mbaya.

  • Vyanzo ni ingizo ambalo linaweza kubadilishwa na washambuliaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na URLs, cookies, na ujumbe wa wavuti.
  • Sinks ni maeneo hatari ambapo data mbaya inaweza kusababisha madhara, kama vile utekelezaji wa script.

Hatari inatokea wakati data inatiririka kutoka chanzo hadi sink bila uthibitisho au usafi sahihi, ikiruhusu mashambulizi kama XSS.

note

Unaweza kupata orodha iliyo na taarifa zaidi ya vyanzo na sinks katika https://github.com/wisec/domxsswiki/wiki

Vyanzo vya kawaida:

javascript
document.URL
document.documentURI
document.URLUnencoded
document.baseURI
location
document.cookie
document.referrer
window.name
history.pushState
history.replaceState
localStorage
sessionStorage
IndexedDB(mozIndexedDB, webkitIndexedDB, msIndexedDB)
Database

Vyanzo vya Kawaida:

Open RedirectJavascript InjectionDOM-data manipulationjQuery
locationeval()scriptElement.srcadd()
location.hostFunction() constructorscriptElement.textafter()
location.hostnamesetTimeout()scriptElement.textContentappend()
location.hrefsetInterval()scriptElement.innerTextanimate()
location.pathnamesetImmediate()someDOMElement.setAttribute()insertAfter()
location.searchexecCommand()someDOMElement.searchinsertBefore()
location.protocolexecScript()someDOMElement.textbefore()
location.assign()msSetImmediate()someDOMElement.textContenthtml()
location.replace()range.createContextualFragment()someDOMElement.innerTextprepend()
open()crypto.generateCRMFRequest()someDOMElement.outerTextreplaceAll()
domElem.srcdoc``Local file-path manipulationsomeDOMElement.valuereplaceWith()
XMLHttpRequest.open()FileReader.readAsArrayBuffer()someDOMElement.namewrap()
XMLHttpRequest.send()FileReader.readAsBinaryString()someDOMElement.targetwrapInner()
jQuery.ajax()FileReader.readAsDataURL()someDOMElement.methodwrapAll()
$.ajax()FileReader.readAsText()someDOMElement.typehas()
``Ajax request manipulationFileReader.readAsFile()someDOMElement.backgroundImageconstructor()
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader()FileReader.root.getFile()someDOMElement.cssTextinit()
XMLHttpRequest.open()FileReader.root.getFile()someDOMElement.codebaseindex()
XMLHttpRequest.send()Link manipulationsomeDOMElement.innerHTMLjQuery.parseHTML()
jQuery.globalEval()someDOMElement.hrefsomeDOMElement.outerHTML$.parseHTML()
$.globalEval()someDOMElement.srcsomeDOMElement.insertAdjacentHTMLClient-side JSON injection
``HTML5-storage manipulationsomeDOMElement.actionsomeDOMElement.oneventJSON.parse()
sessionStorage.setItem()XPath injectiondocument.write()jQuery.parseJSON()
localStorage.setItem()document.evaluate()document.writeln()$.parseJSON()
**[**`Denial of Service`**](dom-xss.md#denial-of-service)**someDOMElement.evaluate()document.title``Cookie manipulation
requestFileSystem()``Document-domain manipulationdocument.implementation.createHTMLDocument()document.cookie
RegExp()document.domainhistory.pushState()WebSocket-URL poisoning
Client-Side SQl injectionWeb-message manipulationhistory.replaceState()WebSocket
executeSql()postMessage()````

The innerHTML sink doesn't accept script elements on any modern browser, nor will svg onload events fire. This means you will need to use alternative elements like img or iframe.

Hali hii ya XSS huenda ni ngumu zaidi kupatikana, kwani unahitaji kuangalia ndani ya msimbo wa JS, kuona kama inatumia kitu chochote ambacho thamani yake unadhibiti, na katika hali hiyo, kuona kama kuna njia yoyote ya kutumia ili kutekeleza JS isiyo ya kawaida.

Zana za kuzipata

Mifano

Open Redirect

Kutoka: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/open-redirection

Vikosi vya kuhamasisha vya Open redirect katika DOM vinatokea wakati skripti inaandika data, ambayo mshambuliaji anaweza kudhibiti, kwenye sink inayoweza kuanzisha urambazaji kati ya maeneo tofauti.

Ni muhimu kuelewa kwamba kutekeleza msimbo wa kawaida, kama javascript:alert(1), kunawezekana ikiwa unadhibiti mwanzo wa URL ambapo uhamasishaji unafanyika.

Vyanzo:

javascript
location
location.host
location.hostname
location.href
location.pathname
location.search
location.protocol
location.assign()
location.replace()
open()
domElem.srcdoc
XMLHttpRequest.open()
XMLHttpRequest.send()
jQuery.ajax()
$.ajax()

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/cookie-manipulation

Vikosi vya uendeshaji wa cookie vinavyotokana na DOM vinatokea wakati script inajumuisha data, ambayo inaweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji, katika thamani ya cookie. Uthibitisho huu unaweza kusababisha tabia isiyotarajiwa ya ukurasa wa wavuti ikiwa cookie itatumika ndani ya tovuti. Zaidi ya hayo, inaweza kutumika kutekeleza shambulio la fixation ya kikao ikiwa cookie inahusishwa na kufuatilia vikao vya watumiaji. Kichimbaji kikuu kinachohusishwa na uthibitisho huu ni:

Sinks:

javascript
document.cookie

JavaScript Injection

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/javascript-injection

Vikosi vya kuingiza JavaScript vinavyotokana na DOM vinaundwa wakati script inapoendesha data, ambayo inaweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji, kama msimbo wa JavaScript.

Sinks:

javascript
eval()
Function() constructor
setTimeout()
setInterval()
setImmediate()
execCommand()
execScript()
msSetImmediate()
range.createContextualFragment()
crypto.generateCRMFRequest()

Document-domain manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/document-domain-manipulation

Document-domain manipulation vulnerabilities hutokea wakati script inapoweka mali ya document.domain kwa kutumia data ambayo mshambuliaji anaweza kudhibiti.

Mali ya document.domain ina jukumu muhimu katika kuimarisha sera ya asili sawa na vivinjari. Wakati kurasa mbili kutoka asili tofauti zinapoweka document.domain yao kwa thamani sawa, zinaweza kuingiliana bila vizuizi. Ingawa vivinjari vinaweka mipaka fulani kwenye thamani zinazoweza kuwekwa kwa document.domain, kuzuia uwekaji wa thamani zisizo na uhusiano kabisa na asili halisi ya ukurasa, kuna visamaha. Kawaida, vivinjari vinaruhusu matumizi ya domeni za watoto au domeni za wazazi.

Sinks:

javascript
document.domain

WebSocket-URL poisoning

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/websocket-url-poisoning

WebSocket-URL poisoning hutokea wakati script inatumia data zinazoweza kudhibitiwa kama URL ya lengo kwa ajili ya muunganisho wa WebSocket.

Sinks:

Mjenzi wa WebSocket unaweza kusababisha udhaifu wa WebSocket-URL poisoning.

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/link-manipulation

Udhaifu wa DOM-based link-manipulation unatokea wakati script inaandika data zinazoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji kwenye lengo la urambazaji ndani ya ukurasa wa sasa, kama vile kiungo kinachoweza kubofywaji au URL ya kuwasilisha ya fomu.

Sinks:

javascript
someDOMElement.href
someDOMElement.src
someDOMElement.action

Ajax request manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/ajax-request-header-manipulation

Vulnerabilities za uendeshaji wa ombi la Ajax zinatokea wakati script inaandika data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji katika ombi la Ajax ambalo linatolewa kwa kutumia XmlHttpRequest object.

Sinks:

javascript
XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader()
XMLHttpRequest.open()
XMLHttpRequest.send()
jQuery.globalEval()
$.globalEval()

Local file-path manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/local-file-path-manipulation

Vulnerabilities za usimamizi wa njia za faili za ndani zinatokea wakati script inapopita data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji kwa API ya usimamizi wa faili kama parameter ya filename. Uthibitisho huu unaweza kutumiwa na mshambuliaji kuunda URL ambayo, ikiwa itatembelewa na mtumiaji mwingine, inaweza kusababisha kufungua au kuandika faili ya ndani isiyo na mpangilio kwenye kivinjari cha mtumiaji.

Sinks:

javascript
FileReader.readAsArrayBuffer()
FileReader.readAsBinaryString()
FileReader.readAsDataURL()
FileReader.readAsText()
FileReader.readAsFile()
FileReader.root.getFile()
FileReader.root.getFile()

Client-Side SQl injection

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/client-side-sql-injection

Vikosi vya SQL-injection upande wa mteja hutokea wakati script inajumuisha data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji katika ombi la SQL upande wa mteja kwa njia isiyo salama.

Sinks:

javascript
executeSql()

HTML5-storage manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/html5-storage-manipulation

Vulnerabilities za HTML5-storage manipulation zinatokea wakati script inaweka data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji katika hifadhi ya HTML5 ya kivinjari cha wavuti (localStorage au sessionStorage). Ingawa hatua hii si kasoro ya usalama kwa asili, inakuwa tatizo ikiwa programu itasoma data iliyohifadhiwa na kuiprocess kwa njia isiyo salama. Hii inaweza kumruhusu mshambuliaji kutumia mekanizma ya hifadhi kufanya mashambulizi mengine ya msingi wa DOM, kama vile cross-site scripting na JavaScript injection.

Sinks:

javascript
sessionStorage.setItem()
localStorage.setItem()

XPath injection

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/client-side-xpath-injection

Vikosi vya XPath-injection vinavyotokana na DOM hutokea wakati script inajumuisha data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji katika uchunguzi wa XPath.

Sinks:

javascript
document.evaluate()
someDOMElement.evaluate()

Client-side JSON injection

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/client-side-json-injection

Vikosi vya JSON-injection vinavyotokana na DOM hutokea wakati script inajumuisha data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji katika mfuatano ambao unachambuliwa kama muundo wa data wa JSON na kisha kushughulikiwa na programu.

Sinks:

javascript
JSON.parse()
jQuery.parseJSON()
$.parseJSON()

Web-message manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/web-message-manipulation

Uthibitisho wa ujumbe wa wavuti unatokea wakati script inatuma data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji kama ujumbe wa wavuti kwa hati nyingine ndani ya kivinjari. Mfano wa udhaifu wa uthibitisho wa ujumbe wa wavuti unaweza kupatikana katika PortSwigger's Web Security Academy.

Sinks:

Njia ya postMessage() ya kutuma ujumbe wa wavuti inaweza kusababisha udhaifu ikiwa msikilizaji wa tukio la kupokea ujumbe unashughulikia data inayokuja kwa njia isiyo salama.

DOM-data manipulation

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/dom-data-manipulation

Uthibitisho wa usimamizi wa data ya DOM unatokea wakati script inaandika data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji kwenye uwanja ndani ya DOM ambayo inatumika ndani ya UI inayoonekana au mantiki ya upande wa mteja. Udhaifu huu unaweza kutumiwa na mshambuliaji kuunda URL ambayo, ikiwa itatembelewa na mtumiaji mwingine, inaweza kubadilisha muonekano au tabia ya UI ya upande wa mteja.

Sinks:

javascript
scriptElement.src
scriptElement.text
scriptElement.textContent
scriptElement.innerText
someDOMElement.setAttribute()
someDOMElement.search
someDOMElement.text
someDOMElement.textContent
someDOMElement.innerText
someDOMElement.outerText
someDOMElement.value
someDOMElement.name
someDOMElement.target
someDOMElement.method
someDOMElement.type
someDOMElement.backgroundImage
someDOMElement.cssText
someDOMElement.codebase
document.title
document.implementation.createHTMLDocument()
history.pushState()
history.replaceState()

Denial of Service

From: https://portswigger.net/web-security/dom-based/denial-of-service

Vulnerabilities za denial-of-service zinazotokana na DOM hutokea wakati script inapopita data inayoweza kudhibitiwa na mshambuliaji kwa njia isiyo salama kwa API ya jukwaa yenye matatizo. Hii inajumuisha APIs ambazo, zinapoitwa, zinaweza kusababisha kompyuta ya mtumiaji kutumia kiasi kikubwa cha CPU au nafasi ya diski. Vulnerabilities kama hizi zinaweza kuwa na athari kubwa, kama vile kivinjari kuzuia utendaji wa tovuti kwa kukataa juhudi za kuhifadhi data katika localStorage au kumaliza scripts zinazofanya kazi.

Sinks:

javascript
requestFileSystem()
RegExp()

Dom Clobbering

{{#ref}} dom-clobbering.md {{#endref}}

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