Usanidi wa Frida kwa iOS

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Kusakinisha Frida

Hatua za kusakinisha Frida kwenye kifaa kilicho Jailbroken:

1. Fungua app ya Cydia/Sileo.
2. Nenda kwa Manage -> Sources -> Edit -> Add.
3. Weka “https://build.frida.re” kama URL.
4. Ingia kwenye chanzo cha Frida kilichoongezwa.
5. Sakinisha kifurushi cha Frida.

Ikiwa unatumia Corellium utahitaji kupakua release ya Frida kutoka https://github.com/frida/frida/releases (frida-gadget-[yourversion]-ios-universal.dylib.gz) na kuiweka na kuikopa kwenye eneo la dylib ambalo Frida inaliomba, kwa mfano: /Users/[youruser]/.cache/frida/gadget-ios.dylib

Baada ya kusakinishwa, unaweza kutumia kwenye PC yako amri frida-ls-devices na angalia kwamba kifaa kinaonekana (PC yako inapaswa kuwa na uwezo wa kukifikia).
Endesha pia frida-ps -Uia ili kuona mchakato zinazoendeshwa kwenye simu.

Frida without Jailbroken device & without patching the app

Angalia chapisho hili la blog kuhusu jinsi ya kutumia Frida kwenye vifaa visivyo Jailbroken bila patching the app: https://mrbypass.medium.com/unlocking-potential-exploring-frida-objection-on-non-jailbroken-devices-without-application-ed0367a84f07

Usakinishaji wa Frida Client

Sakinisha frida tools:

pip install frida-tools
pip install frida

Baada ya Frida server kusakinishwa na kifaa kikifanya kazi na kimeunganishwa, angalia kama client inafanya kazi:

frida-ls-devices  # List devices
frida-ps -Uia     # Get running processes

Frida Trace

Note

Ikiwa wakati wowote utahitaji mafunzo kuhusu reversing iOS / Frida, angalia https://reversing.training/

# Functions
## Trace all functions with the word "log" in their name
frida-trace -U <program> -i "*log*"
frida-trace -U <program> -i "*log*" | swift demangle # Demangle names

# Objective-C
## Trace all methods of all classes
frida-trace -U <program> -m "*[* *]"

## Trace all methods with the word "authentication" from classes that start with "NE"
frida-trace -U <program> -m "*[NE* *authentication*]"

# Plug-In
## To hook a plugin that is momentarely executed prepare Frida indicating the ID of the Plugin binary
frida-trace -U -W <if-plugin-bin> -m '*[* *]'

Pata madarasa yote na mbinu

• Umaliziaji kiotomatiki: Endesha tu frida -U <program>

• Pata madarasa yote yanayopatikana (chuja kwa kamba)

// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/script.js

var filterClass = "" // Leave empty to list all classes, or set to "NSString" for example

if (ObjC.available) {
var classCount = 0
var classList = []

for (var className in ObjC.classes) {
if (ObjC.classes.hasOwnProperty(className)) {
if (!filterClass || className.toLowerCase().includes(filterClass.toLowerCase())) {
classList.push(className)
classCount++
}
}
}

// Sort alphabetically for better readability
classList.sort()

console.log(`\n[*] Found ${classCount} classes matching '${filterClass || "all"}':\n`)
classList.forEach(function(name) {
console.log(name)
})
} else {
console.log("[!] Objective-C runtime is not available.")
}

• Pata zote methods ya class (filter by string)

// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/script.js

var specificClass = "NSURL" // Change to your target class
var filterMethod = "" // Leave empty to list all methods, or set to "init" for example

if (ObjC.available) {
if (ObjC.classes.hasOwnProperty(specificClass)) {
var methods = ObjC.classes[specificClass].$ownMethods
var filteredMethods = []

for (var i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
if (!filterMethod || methods[i].toLowerCase().includes(filterMethod.toLowerCase())) {
filteredMethods.push(methods[i])
}
}

console.log(`\n[*] Found ${filteredMethods.length} methods in class '${specificClass}' matching '${filterMethod || "all"}':\n`)
filteredMethods.forEach(function(method) {
console.log(`${specificClass}: ${method}`)
})

// Also show inherited methods
var inheritedMethods = ObjC.classes[specificClass].$methods
console.log(`\n[*] Total methods including inherited: ${inheritedMethods.length}`)
} else {
console.log(`[!] Class '${specificClass}' not found.`)
console.log("[*] Tip: Use the class enumeration script to find available classes.")
}
} else {
console.log("[!] Objective-C runtime is not available.")
}

• Ita function

// Find the address of the function to call
const func_addr = Module.findExportByName("<Prog Name>", "<Func Name>")

if (!func_addr) {
console.log("[!] Function not found. Available exports:")
Module.enumerateExports("<Prog Name>").slice(0, 10).forEach(function(exp) {
console.log(`  ${exp.name} at ${exp.address}`)
})
throw new Error("Function not found")
}

// Declare the function to call
const func = new NativeFunction(
func_addr,
"void",
["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"],
{}
)

var arg0 = null
var attempt = 0
var maxAttempts = 100

console.log("[*] Waiting for function to be called to capture arg0...")

// In this case to call this function we need to intercept a call to it to copy arg0
Interceptor.attach(func_addr, {
onEnter: function (args) {
if (!arg0) {
arg0 = new NativePointer(args[0])
console.log(`[+] Captured arg0: ${arg0}`)
}
},
})

// Wait until a call to the func occurs (with timeout)
while (!arg0 && attempt < maxAttempts) {
Thread.sleep(0.1)
attempt++
if (attempt % 10 == 0) {
console.log(`[*] Still waiting... (${attempt}/${maxAttempts})`)
}
}

if (!arg0) {
throw new Error("Timeout: Could not capture arg0. Try triggering the function in the app.")
}

// Now call the function with custom arguments
var arg1 = Memory.allocUtf8String("custom_tag")
var arg2 = Memory.allocUtf8String("Custom message from Frida")

console.log("[+] Calling function with custom arguments...")
func(arg0, arg1, arg2)

console.log("[+] Function called successfully!")

Hook Objective-C Methods

Kuingilia kati na kubadilisha miito za methodi za Objective-C:

// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/hook-objc.js

// Hook a specific Objective-C method
function hookMethod(className, methodName) {
var hook = ObjC.classes[className][methodName]

if (!hook) {
console.log(`[!] Method ${className}.${methodName} not found`)
return
}

Interceptor.attach(hook.implementation, {
onEnter: function(args) {
console.log(`\n[*] Called: [${className} ${methodName}]`)

// args[0] is self, args[1] is _cmd (selector)
// Actual method arguments start at args[2]

// Print self
try {
var selfObj = new ObjC.Object(args[0])
console.log(`    self: ${selfObj}`)
} catch (e) {
console.log(`    self: ${args[0]}`)
}

// Print arguments (adjust based on method signature)
for (var i = 2; i < 6; i++) {
if (args[i]) {
try {
// Try as ObjC object
var obj = new ObjC.Object(args[i])
console.log(`    arg[${i-2}]: ${obj} (${obj.$className})`)
} catch (e) {
// Try as string
try {
var str = args[i].readUtf8String()
console.log(`    arg[${i-2}]: "${str}"`)
} catch (e2) {
// Just print pointer
console.log(`    arg[${i-2}]: ${args[i]}`)
}
}
}
}

// You can modify arguments here
// args[2] = ObjC.classes.NSString.stringWithString_("Modified!")
},
onLeave: function(retval) {
// Print return value
try {
var ret = new ObjC.Object(retval)
console.log(`    => ${ret}`)
} catch (e) {
console.log(`    => ${retval}`)
}

// You can modify return value here
// retval.replace(ObjC.classes.NSString.stringWithString_("Hijacked!"))
}
})

console.log(`[+] Hooked: [${className} ${methodName}]`)
}

// Example: Hook multiple methods
if (ObjC.available) {
console.log("[*] Objective-C runtime available")

// Hook authentication methods
hookMethod("LoginViewController", "- authenticate:")
hookMethod("AuthManager", "- validatePassword:")

// Hook data storage methods
hookMethod("NSUserDefaults", "+ standardUserDefaults")
hookMethod("NSUserDefaults", "- setObject:forKey:")
hookMethod("NSUserDefaults", "- objectForKey:")

// Hook crypto methods
hookMethod("NSString", "- dataUsingEncoding:")

// Hook network methods
hookMethod("NSURLSession", "- dataTaskWithRequest:completionHandler:")

console.log("[+] All hooks installed successfully")
} else {
console.log("[!] Objective-C runtime not available")
}

Hooking ya Objective-C ya hali ya juu kwa method swizzling:

// Replace method implementation entirely
function swizzleMethod(className, methodName, newImplementation) {
if (!ObjC.available) {
console.log("[!] Objective-C runtime not available")
return
}

var targetClass = ObjC.classes[className]
if (!targetClass) {
console.log(`[!] Class ${className} not found`)
return
}

var method = targetClass[methodName]
if (!method) {
console.log(`[!] Method ${methodName} not found in ${className}`)
return
}

var originalImpl = method.implementation

method.implementation = ObjC.implement(method, function(handle, selector) {
// handle is 'self', selector is the method selector
console.log(`[*] Swizzled method called: [${className} ${methodName}]`)

// Call custom logic
var result = newImplementation(handle, selector, arguments)

// Optionally call original
// var original = new NativeFunction(originalImpl, method.returnType, method.argumentTypes)
// return original(handle, selector, ...)

return result
})

console.log(`[+] Swizzled: [${className} ${methodName}]`)
}

// Example: Always return true for authentication
swizzleMethod("AuthManager", "- isAuthenticated", function(self, sel) {
console.log("[!] Bypassing authentication check!")
return 1 // true
})

// Example: Bypass jailbreak detection
if (ObjC.available) {
var jailbreakMethods = [
["JailbreakDetector", "- isJailbroken"],
["SecurityChecker", "- checkJailbreak"],
["AntiDebug", "- isDebugged"]
]

jailbreakMethods.forEach(function(item) {
try {
swizzleMethod(item[0], item[1], function() {
console.log(`[!] Bypassing ${item[0]}.${item[1]}`)
return 0 // false
})
} catch (e) {
// Method doesn't exist, ignore
}
})
}

LLDB-Assisted Frida Detection Bypass & Swift Hooking

Mlolongo wa remote debugging

Vipimo vya penetration dhidi ya builds zinazofanana na za uzalishaji mara nyingi vinahitaji kuweka kinga za jailbreak zikiwa zimeshajumuishwa wakati huo huo ukibandika Frida. Njia ya kuaminika ni kuoanisha debugserver ya Apple na LLDB kupitia USB multiplexing:

1. Pitia SSH ili kifaa kilicho jailbroken kiwe kinafikika hata bila Wi‑Fi: iproxy 2222 22 & ikifuatiwa na ssh root@localhost -p 2222.
2. Kwenye kifaa, anzisha debugger stub na uifanye isubiri mchakato lengwa: debugserver *:5678 --waitfor <BundleName> na kisha anzisha app kutoka SpringBoard.
3. Pitia port ya debugging na uambatane LLDB kutoka macOS:

iproxy 1234 5678 &
lldb
(lldb) process connect connect://localhost:1234

4. Tumia finish mara chache ili constructors zirudi na LLDB iweze kutatua kila image ya Swift/ObjC kabla hujaanza patching symbols.

Kuweka frida-server ikifanya kazi sambamba sasa kunakuwa inawezekana hata kama app inafanya anti-instrumentation checks wakati wa startup.

Patching Swift jailbreak / Frida checks

Apps za Swift mara nyingi zinaweka pamoja utambuzi wa jailbreak ndani ya helper wa boolean kama systemSanityCheck() -> Bool. Ukiwa na LLDB tayari umeambatishwa unaweza kutatua jina la function na kulazimisha irudie false bila kugusa binary:

(lldb) image lookup -rn 'frida'
(lldb) image lookup -rn 'Check' FridaInTheMiddle.debug.dylib
(lldb) breakpoint set --name 'FridaInTheMiddle.systemSanityCheck'
(lldb) c
(lldb) finish
(lldb) register write x0 0
(lldb) c

Kwenye arm64, thamani ya kurudi ya Swift iko katika x0; kwa hiyo kuisafisha register hiyo baada ya finish kunafanya kila mtu anayefanya wito aamini kwamba mazingira ni safi, na hivyo kuweka UI hai wakati frida-server bado unasikiliza.

Kuvumbua malengo ya Swift kwa Frida

Mara msimbo wa utambuzi utakapo kutolewa, unaweza kwa wakati wa utekelezaji kugundua mangled name ya function inayoshughulikia data nyeti (mfano: tendo nyuma ya kitufe la “Get Flag”) badala ya kubahatisha:

frida-trace -U <BundleName> -i "*dummy*"

Chochea kitendo cha UI na frida-trace itarekodi alama halisi kama $s16FridaInTheMiddle11ContentViewV13dummyFunction4flagySS_tF. Mstari huo unaweza kuingizwa kwenye Module.load(<app>.debug.dylib).findExportByName() ndani ya script ya Frida kwa precise hooking.

Hooking Swift String arguments

Kuelewa Swift ABI ni muhimu ili kujenga upya vigezo vya ngazi ya juu kutoka kwa rejista unapokamata functions za Swift safi:

• Small strings (≤15 bytes) zinahifadhiwa inline na low byte ya x0 inaonyesha urefu. Herufi zenyewe zimepakwa katika sehemu iliyobaki ya x0/x1.
• Large strings (>15 bytes) ni vitu vilivyotegemea heap. x1 inashikilia pointer kwa header ya object na buffer ya UTF‑8 inaanza kwenye x1 + 32.

Hook mmoja unaweza kutoa zote mbili bila reverse engineering ya chanzo cha app:

const mod = Module.load('FridaInTheMiddle.debug.dylib')
const fn = mod.findExportByName('$s16FridaInTheMiddle11ContentViewV13dummyFunction4flagySS_tF')
Interceptor.attach(fn, {
onEnter() {
const inlineLen = this.context.x0.and(0xff)
if (inlineLen.toInt32() > 0 && inlineLen.toInt32() <= 15) {
console.log('flag:', this.context.x0.readUtf8String(inlineLen.toInt32()))
return
}
const heapPtr = ptr(this.context.x1).add(32)
console.log('flag:', heapPtr.readUtf8String())
}
})

Kuinstrumenta function kwenye kiwango hiki kunamaanisha kwamba hoja yoyote ya siri ya String—flags, session tokens, au dynamically generated credentials—inaweza ku-dump hata wakati UI haitaionyesha. Changanya hook hii na LLDB patch hapo juu ili app iendelee kukimbia ikiwa chini ya uangalizi licha ya jailbreak au Frida detections.

Frida Fuzzing

Frida Stalker

From the docs: Stalker ni injini ya kufuatilia ya code ya Frida. Inaruhusu threads kufuatiliwa, kukamata kila function, kila block, hata kila instruction inayotekelezwa.

You have an example implementing Frida Stalker in https://github.com/poxyran/misc/blob/master/frida-stalker-example.py

This is another example to attach Frida Stalker every time a function is called:

console.log("[*] Starting Stalker setup...")

const TARGET_MODULE = "<Program>"
const TARGET_FUNCTION = "<function_name>"

const func_addr = Module.findExportByName(TARGET_MODULE, TARGET_FUNCTION)

if (!func_addr) {
console.log(`[!] Function '${TARGET_FUNCTION}' not found in module '${TARGET_MODULE}'`)
throw new Error("Target function not found")
}

console.log(`[+] Found target function at: ${func_addr}`)

const func = new NativeFunction(
func_addr,
"void",
["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"],
{}
)

var callCount = 0
var coverageMap = {}

Interceptor.attach(func_addr, {
onEnter: function (args) {
callCount++
console.log(`\n[*] Call #${callCount} - Message: ${args[2].readCString()}`)

// Follow the current thread
Stalker.follow(Process.getCurrentThreadId(), {
events: {
compile: true, // Only collect coverage for newly encountered blocks
},
onReceive: function (events) {
const bbs = Stalker.parse(events, {
stringify: false,
annotate: false,
})

// Track unique code blocks for coverage
var newBlocks = 0
bbs.flat().forEach(function(addr) {
var addrStr = addr.toString()
if (!coverageMap[addrStr]) {
coverageMap[addrStr] = true
newBlocks++
}
})

console.log(`[+] Executed ${bbs.flat().length} blocks (${newBlocks} new)`)
console.log(`[+] Total unique blocks covered: ${Object.keys(coverageMap).length}`)

// Optionally print trace (can be verbose)
if (callCount <= 3) { // Only print first 3 traces
console.log("\n[*] Execution trace:")
bbs.flat().slice(0, 20).forEach(function(addr) { // Limit to first 20
console.log(`  ${DebugSymbol.fromAddress(addr)}`)
})
if (bbs.flat().length > 20) {
console.log(`  ... and ${bbs.flat().length - 20} more blocks`)
}
}
},
})
},
onLeave: function (retval) {
Stalker.unfollow(Process.getCurrentThreadId())
Stalker.flush() // Important: flush all events before unfollow
Stalker.garbageCollect() // Clean up
},
})

console.log("[+] Stalker attached successfully. Waiting for function calls...")

Caution

Hii ni ya kuvutia kwa madhumuni ya debugging, lakini kwa fuzzing, kufanya mara kwa mara .follow() na .unfollow() ni isiyokuwa na ufanisi.

Fpicker

fpicker ni Frida-based fuzzing suite ambayo inatoa aina mbalimbali za fuzzing modes kwa ajili ya in-process fuzzing, kama mode ya AFL++ au passive tracing mode. Inapaswa kuweza kuendesha kwenye majukwaa yote yanayoungwa mkono na Frida.

• Install fpicker & radamsa

# Get fpicker
git clone https://github.com/ttdennis/fpicker
cd fpicker

# Get Frida core devkit and prepare fpicker
wget https://github.com/frida/frida/releases/download/16.1.4/frida-core-devkit-16.1.4-[yourOS]-[yourarchitecture].tar.xz
# e.g. https://github.com/frida/frida/releases/download/16.1.4/frida-core-devkit-16.1.4-macos-arm64.tar.xz
tar -xf ./*tar.xz
cp libfrida-core.a libfrida-core-[yourOS].a #libfrida-core-macos.a

# Install fpicker
make fpicker-[yourOS] # fpicker-macos
# This generates ./fpicker

# Install radamsa (fuzzer generator)
brew install radamsa

• Andaa FS:

# From inside fpicker clone
mkdir -p examples/target-app # Where the fuzzing script will be
mkdir -p examples/target-app/out # For code coverage and crashes
mkdir -p examples/target-app/in # For starting inputs

# Create at least 1 input for the fuzzer
echo Hello World > examples/target-app/in/0

• Fuzzer script (examples/target-app/myfuzzer.js):

// Import the fuzzer base class
import { Fuzzer } from "../../harness/fuzzer.js"

class TargetAppFuzzer extends Fuzzer {
constructor() {
console.log("[*] TargetAppFuzzer: Initializing fuzzer...")

// ============================================================
// CONFIGURATION SECTION
// ============================================================
// These are the values you need to customize for your target:

const TARGET_MODULE = "<Program name>"      // The binary/library name (e.g., "MyApp" or "libcrypto.dylib")
// Use Process.enumerateModules() to find module names

const TARGET_FUNCTION = "<func name to fuzz>" // The exported function name to fuzz (e.g., "process_input")
// Use Module.enumerateExports() to find function names

const CAPTURE_TIMEOUT = 30                   // Seconds to wait for capturing function arguments
// Increase if function is rarely called

// ============================================================
// FUNCTION DISCOVERY
// ============================================================
// Find the address of the target function in memory
console.log(`[*] Looking for function '${TARGET_FUNCTION}' in module '${TARGET_MODULE}'...`)
var target_addr = Module.findExportByName(TARGET_MODULE, TARGET_FUNCTION)

// Validate that the function was found
if (!target_addr) {
console.log(`[!] Function not found. Available exports from ${TARGET_MODULE}:`)
Module.enumerateExports(TARGET_MODULE).slice(0, 10).forEach(function(exp) {
console.log(`  - ${exp.name}`)
})
throw new Error(`Function '${TARGET_FUNCTION}' not found`)
}

console.log(`[+] Found target function at: ${target_addr}`)

// ============================================================
// FUNCTION SIGNATURE SETUP
// ============================================================
// Create a NativeFunction wrapper so we can call the function
// Signature: void function_name(pointer arg0, pointer arg1, pointer arg2)
// IMPORTANT: Adjust the return type and argument types to match your target function
//   - First parameter: return type ("void", "int", "pointer", etc.)
//   - Second parameter: array of argument types
var target_func = new NativeFunction(
target_addr,
"void",                              // Return type - change if function returns a value
["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"],   // Argument types - adjust based on actual function signature
{}
)

// ============================================================
// PARENT CLASS INITIALIZATION
// ============================================================
// Initialize the fpicker Fuzzer base class with our target information
super(TARGET_MODULE, target_addr, target_func)
this.target_addr = target_addr

// ============================================================
// STATISTICS TRACKING
// ============================================================
// Keep track of fuzzing progress and results
this.fuzzCount = 0      // Total number of fuzzing iterations executed
this.crashCount = 0     // Number of crashes/exceptions encountered
this.startTime = Date.now()  // Start time for calculating execution rate

// ============================================================
// STATIC ARGUMENTS PREPARATION
// ============================================================
// Some functions require specific arguments that don't change
// Here we prepare the second argument (a tag string)
this.tag = Memory.allocUtf8String("FUZZ_TAG")
console.log("[+] Allocated tag argument")

// ============================================================
// DYNAMIC ARGUMENT CAPTURE
// ============================================================
// Many functions require a context pointer or handle as first argument
// We can't create this ourselves, so we intercept a real call to capture it

var captured_ptr = null   // Will hold the captured pointer
var attempts = 0          // Counter for timeout mechanism
var maxAttempts = CAPTURE_TIMEOUT * 10 // Total attempts (checking every 100ms)

console.log(`[*] Waiting up to ${CAPTURE_TIMEOUT}s to capture first argument...`)
console.log("[*] Please trigger the target function in the app!")
console.log("[*] (Interact with the app to make it call the function)")

// Attach an interceptor to capture arguments when function is called
var interceptor = Interceptor.attach(this.target_addr, {
onEnter: function (args) {
// Only capture once (first call)
if (!captured_ptr) {
captured_ptr = new NativePointer(args[0])
console.log(`[+] Captured first argument: ${captured_ptr}`)

// Try to read and display other arguments for debugging
// This helps verify we're hooking the right function
try {
if (args[1]) console.log(`[*] Arg 1: ${args[1].readCString()}`)
if (args[2]) console.log(`[*] Arg 2: ${args[2].readCString()}`)
} catch (e) {
console.log("[*] Could not read string arguments (might not be strings)")
}
}
},
})

// ============================================================
// WAIT FOR CAPTURE WITH TIMEOUT
// ============================================================
// Poll until we capture the argument or timeout
while (!captured_ptr && attempts < maxAttempts) {
Thread.sleep(0.1)  // Sleep 100ms between checks
attempts++

// Print progress every 5 seconds so user knows we're still waiting
if (attempts % 50 == 0) {
console.log(`[*] Still waiting... (${attempts / 10}s / ${CAPTURE_TIMEOUT}s)`)
}
}

// ============================================================
// CLEANUP AND VALIDATION
// ============================================================
// Detach the interceptor - we don't need it anymore
interceptor.detach()

// Check if we successfully captured the argument
if (!captured_ptr) {
throw new Error(`Timeout: Could not capture first argument after ${CAPTURE_TIMEOUT}s. Ensure the function is being called.`)
}

// Store the captured pointer for use in fuzz() method
this.captured_ptr = captured_ptr
console.log("[+] Fuzzer initialization complete!")
console.log("[+] Ready to fuzz...")
}

// This function is called by fpicker for each fuzzing iteration
// @param payload: NativePointer - Pointer to the fuzzing input data in memory
// @param len: Number - Length of the input data in bytes
fuzz(payload, len) {
this.fuzzCount++

try {
// ============================================================
// STEP 1: Convert the raw payload to a usable format
// ============================================================
// The payload comes as a pointer to memory. We need to:
// 1. Read the raw bytes from that memory location
// 2. Allocate new memory for a null-terminated C string
// 3. Copy the data and add null terminator

var payload_mem = Memory.alloc(len + 1)  // Allocate len + 1 for null terminator
Memory.copy(payload_mem, payload, len)   // Copy the payload bytes
payload_mem.add(len).writeU8(0)          // Write null terminator at the end

// ============================================================
// STEP 2: Progress monitoring and statistics
// ============================================================
// Log progress every 100 iterations to avoid spamming console
if (this.fuzzCount % 100 == 0) {
var elapsed = ((Date.now() - this.startTime) / 1000).toFixed(2)
var rate = (this.fuzzCount / elapsed).toFixed(2)
console.log(`[*] Fuzzing iteration ${this.fuzzCount} (${rate} exec/s, ${this.crashCount} crashes)`)
}

// ============================================================
// STEP 3: Debug logging for initial iterations
// ============================================================
// For the first 3 payloads, show what we're testing
// This helps verify the fuzzer is working correctly
if (this.fuzzCount <= 3) {
try {
var preview = payload.readCString(Math.min(len, 50))
console.log(`[*] Payload preview (${len} bytes): ${preview}${len > 50 ? '...' : ''}`)
} catch (e) {
// If readCString fails, it's likely binary data
console.log(`[*] Binary payload (${len} bytes)`)
}
}

// ============================================================
// STEP 4: Execute the target function with the fuzzed input
// ============================================================
// Call the target function with:
// - captured_ptr: The first argument we captured during initialization
// - tag: A static tag/label for the log entry
// - payload_mem: Our fuzzed input as a null-terminated string
this.target_function(this.captured_ptr, this.tag, payload_mem)

} catch (e) {
// ============================================================
// STEP 5: Exception handling
// ============================================================
// If the target function crashes or throws an exception:
// 1. Increment crash counter
// 2. Log the details for later analysis
// 3. Re-throw so fpicker can record it
this.crashCount++
console.log(`[!] Exception in iteration ${this.fuzzCount}: ${e.message}`)
console.log(`[!] Stack: ${e.stack}`)

// Re-throw to let fpicker handle crash detection and logging
throw e
}
}

// Optional: Cleanup method called when fuzzing ends
cleanup() {
var elapsed = ((Date.now() - this.startTime) / 1000).toFixed(2)
console.log(`\n[*] Fuzzing session complete:`)
console.log(`    - Total iterations: ${this.fuzzCount}`)
console.log(`    - Total crashes: ${this.crashCount}`)
console.log(`    - Duration: ${elapsed}s`)
console.log(`    - Average rate: ${(this.fuzzCount / elapsed).toFixed(2)} exec/s`)
}
}

console.log("[*] Creating fuzzer instance...")
const f = new TargetAppFuzzer()
rpc.exports.fuzzer = f

// Export cleanup method if available
if (f.cleanup) {
rpc.exports.cleanup = f.cleanup.bind(f)
}

• Jenga fuzzer:

# From inside fpicker clone
## Compile from "myfuzzer.js" to "harness.js"
frida-compile examples/target-app/myfuzzer.js -o harness.js

• Endesha fuzzer fpicker kwa kutumia radamsa:

# Basic fuzzing with radamsa mutation
fpicker -v --fuzzer-mode active -e attach -p <Program to fuzz> -D usb \
-o examples/target-app/out/ -i examples/target-app/in/ -f harness.js \
--standalone-mutator cmd --mutator-command "radamsa"

# With AFL++ mode for better coverage
fpicker -v --fuzzer-mode afl -e attach -p <Program to fuzz> -D usb \
-o examples/target-app/out/ -i examples/target-app/in/ -f harness.js

# You can find code coverage and crashes in examples/target-app/out/
# Check crashes: ls -la examples/target-app/out/crashes/
# Check coverage: ls -la examples/target-app/out/coverage/

Caution

Katika kesi hii hatuanzishi upya app wala kurejesha hali baada ya kila payload. Hivyo, kama Frida inapopata crash, ingizo zinazofuata baada ya payload hiyo zinaweza pia kusababisha crash kwenye app (kwa sababu app iko katika hali isiyo thabiti) hata kama ingizo hayapaswi kusababisha crash kwenye app.

Zaidi ya hayo, Frida ita-hook kwenye exception signals za iOS, hivyo wakati Frida inapopata crash, huenda ripoti za crash za iOS hazitaundwi.

Ili kuzuia hili, kwa mfano, tunaweza kuanzisha upya app baada ya kila Frida crash.

Advanced Fuzzing with Crash Monitoring

Kwa fuzzing imara zaidi na utambuzi wa crash wa moja kwa moja na uanzishaji upya wa app, tumia script hii iliyoboreshwa:

import { Fuzzer } from "../../harness/fuzzer.js"

class AdvancedFuzzer extends Fuzzer {
constructor() {
console.log("[*] Advanced Fuzzer: Initializing with crash monitoring...")

// ============================================================
// CONFIGURATION
// ============================================================
const TARGET_MODULE = "<Program name>"   // Module containing the target function
const TARGET_FUNCTION = "<func name>"    // Function to fuzz

// ============================================================
// FIND AND SETUP TARGET FUNCTION
// ============================================================
var target_addr = Module.findExportByName(TARGET_MODULE, TARGET_FUNCTION)
if (!target_addr) {
throw new Error(`Function '${TARGET_FUNCTION}' not found`)
}

var target_func = new NativeFunction(target_addr, "void", ["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"], {})
super(TARGET_MODULE, target_addr, target_func)

// ============================================================
// ADVANCED CRASH DETECTION SETUP
// ============================================================
// Install comprehensive crash monitoring before starting fuzzing
this.setupCrashMonitoring()

// Hook dangerous functions that often indicate crashes
this.setupSignalHandlers()

// ============================================================
// CAPTURE RUNTIME ARGUMENTS
// ============================================================
// Capture the context pointer needed to call the function
this.captured_ptr = this.captureArgument(target_addr, 0)
this.tag = Memory.allocUtf8String("FUZZ")

console.log("[+] Advanced fuzzer ready with crash monitoring enabled")
}

// ============================================================
// CRASH MONITORING SETUP
// ============================================================
// This method installs a global exception handler that catches:
// - Segmentation faults (invalid memory access)
// - Arithmetic exceptions (divide by zero, etc.)
// - Abort signals
// - Any other exceptions that would normally crash the app
setupCrashMonitoring() {
Process.setExceptionHandler(function(details) {
console.log("\n[!!!] CRASH DETECTED [!!!]")
console.log(`[!] Type: ${details.type}`)           // Exception type (e.g., "access-violation")
console.log(`[!] Address: ${details.address}`)     // Address where crash occurred

// If it's a memory-related crash, show the operation and address
console.log(`[!] Memory operation: ${details.memory ? details.memory.operation : 'N/A'}`)

// ============================================================
// DUMP CPU REGISTERS
// ============================================================
// Show CPU register state at crash time (useful for exploitation analysis)
if (details.context) {
console.log("[!] Registers:")
Object.keys(details.context).slice(0, 8).forEach(function(reg) {
console.log(`    ${reg}: ${details.context[reg]}`)
})
}

// ============================================================
// DUMP CALL STACK (BACKTRACE)
// ============================================================
// Show the call stack leading to the crash
// This helps identify which code path triggered the issue
console.log("[!] Backtrace:")
Thread.backtrace(details.context, Backtracer.ACCURATE)
.map(DebugSymbol.fromAddress)
.slice(0, 10)
.forEach(function(symbol, idx) {
console.log(`    ${idx}: ${symbol}`)
})

// Return false to let iOS handle the crash (generates crash report)
// Return true to suppress the crash and continue (dangerous - app in undefined state)
return false
})
}

// ============================================================
// DANGEROUS FUNCTION MONITORING
// ============================================================
// Hook common functions that indicate problems:
// - abort(): Explicit crash
// - __stack_chk_fail(): Stack buffer overflow detected
// - __assert_rtn(): Failed assertion
// - malloc/free: Memory allocation (can detect double-free, use-after-free)
// - memcpy/strcpy: Memory operations (can detect buffer overflows)
setupSignalHandlers() {
var crashFuncs = [
"abort",              // Explicit abort() call
"__stack_chk_fail",   // Stack canary check failed (buffer overflow)
"__assert_rtn",       // Assertion failure
"malloc",             // Memory allocation
"free",               // Memory deallocation
"memcpy",             // Memory copy
"strcpy"              // String copy
]

crashFuncs.forEach(function(funcName) {
try {
// Find the function in any loaded module (null = search all)
var addr = Module.findExportByName(null, funcName)
if (addr) {
Interceptor.attach(addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
// Only log critical functions to avoid spam
if (funcName === "abort" || funcName === "__stack_chk_fail" || funcName === "__assert_rtn") {
console.log(`[!] ${funcName} called - potential crash imminent!`)
console.log("[!] Backtrace:")
// Show where this function was called from
Thread.backtrace(this.context, Backtracer.ACCURATE)
.map(DebugSymbol.fromAddress)
.slice(0, 5)
.forEach(function(s) { console.log(`    ${s}`) })
}
}
})
}
} catch (e) {
// Function not available on this platform, skip it
}
})
}

// ============================================================
// ARGUMENT CAPTURE HELPER
// ============================================================
// Generic method to capture any argument from a function call
// @param addr: Address of the function to monitor
// @param argIndex: Which argument to capture (0 = first, 1 = second, etc.)
// @param timeout: How long to wait (seconds) before giving up
captureArgument(addr, argIndex, timeout = 30) {
var captured = null
var attempts = 0
var maxAttempts = timeout * 10  // Check every 100ms

console.log(`[*] Capturing argument ${argIndex}...`)
console.log(`[*] Trigger the function in the app to capture its arguments`)

// Hook the function temporarily
var hook = Interceptor.attach(addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
if (!captured && args[argIndex]) {
captured = new NativePointer(args[argIndex])
console.log(`[+] Captured arg[${argIndex}]: ${captured}`)
}
}
})

// Wait for a call to occur
while (!captured && attempts < maxAttempts) {
Thread.sleep(0.1)
attempts++
}

// Clean up the hook
hook.detach()

if (!captured) {
throw new Error(`Failed to capture argument ${argIndex} after ${timeout}s`)
}

return captured
}

// ============================================================
// FUZZ EXECUTION METHOD
// ============================================================
// Called by fpicker for each fuzzing iteration
// @param payload: Pointer to the mutated input data
// @param len: Length of the input in bytes
fuzz(payload, len) {
try {
// ============================================================
// STEP 1: Input validation
// ============================================================
// Reject unreasonably large inputs to prevent memory exhaustion
if (len > 1024 * 1024) { // 1MB limit
console.log(`[!] Payload too large: ${len} bytes, skipping`)
return
}

// ============================================================
// STEP 2: Prepare the fuzzed input
// ============================================================
// Allocate new memory and copy the payload
// Add null terminator for C string compatibility
var fuzz_data = Memory.alloc(len + 1)    // Allocate space + 1 byte for null
Memory.copy(fuzz_data, payload, len)     // Copy the payload
fuzz_data.add(len).writeU8(0)            // Add null terminator

// ============================================================
// STEP 3: Execute with timeout detection
// ============================================================
// Some inputs might cause infinite loops (hangs)
// Use a timer to detect when execution takes too long
var executed = false
var timer = setTimeout(function() {
if (!executed) {
console.log("[!] Execution timeout - possible hang")
// Note: This doesn't stop execution, just logs it
// Consider using Stalker or watchdog thread for true timeout
}
}, 5000) // 5 second timeout

// Call the target function
this.target_function(this.captured_ptr, this.tag, fuzz_data)

// Mark as completed and cancel timeout
executed = true
clearTimeout(timer)

} catch (e) {
// Exception occurred - likely a crash
console.log(`[!] Fuzz iteration exception: ${e.message}`)
throw e  // Re-throw for fpicker to handle
}
}
}

const fuzzer = new AdvancedFuzzer()
rpc.exports.fuzzer = fuzzer

Ili kutumia advanced fuzzer:

# Compile the advanced fuzzer
frida-compile examples/target-app/advanced-fuzzer.js -o harness-advanced.js

# Run with automatic restart on crash using a wrapper script
cat > fuzz-with-restart.sh << 'EOF'
#!/bin/bash

APP_NAME="<Program to fuzz>"
OUTPUT_DIR="examples/target-app/out"
INPUT_DIR="examples/target-app/in"
HARNESS="harness-advanced.js"

while true; do
echo "[*] Starting fuzzing session at $(date)"

# Run fpicker (will exit on crash)
fpicker -v --fuzzer-mode active -e attach -p "$APP_NAME" -D usb \
-o "$OUTPUT_DIR" -i "$INPUT_DIR" -f "$HARNESS" \
--standalone-mutator cmd --mutator-command "radamsa"

EXIT_CODE=$?
echo "[!] Fuzzer exited with code $EXIT_CODE"

if [ $EXIT_CODE -ne 0 ]; then
echo "[*] Crash detected, saving crash info..."
echo "Crash at $(date)" >> "$OUTPUT_DIR/crash_log.txt"

# Kill the app if still running
killall "$APP_NAME" 2>/dev/null

# Wait for app to fully stop
sleep 2

# Restart the app
echo "[*] Restarting app..."
frida -U -f "$APP_NAME" --no-pause &
sleep 3
else
echo "[*] Fuzzing session completed normally"
break
fi
done
EOF

chmod +x fuzz-with-restart.sh
./fuzz-with-restart.sh

Fuzzer Rahisi wa Kujiendesha (Bila fpicker)

Kwa majaribio ya haraka ya fuzzing bila usanidi wa fpicker, tumia skripti hii isiyoteegemea:

// ============================================================
// SIMPLE STANDALONE FUZZER
// ============================================================
// This fuzzer works without fpicker - just load it with Frida
// Usage: frida -U -l simple-fuzzer.js <Program>
//
// This is great for:
// - Quick fuzzing tests
// - When you can't set up fpicker
// - Testing if a function is fuzzable
// - Learning how fuzzing works

console.log("[*] Simple Fuzzer starting...")

// ============================================================
// CONFIGURATION
// ============================================================
const TARGET_MODULE = "<Program>"          // Your app's main binary name
const TARGET_FUNCTION = "<function_name>"  // The function to fuzz
const ITERATIONS = 1000                    // How many times to fuzz
const MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE = 1024              // Maximum size for random payloads

// Helper to build ArrayBuffer from byte array
function bytesToBuffer(bytes) {
var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(bytes.length)
var view = new Uint8Array(buffer)
for (var i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
view[i] = bytes[i]
}
return buffer
}

// Helper to convert ASCII string into byte array (lossy for non-ASCII)
function stringToBytes(str) {
var bytes = []
for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
bytes.push(str.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff)
}
return bytes
}

// ============================================================
// MUTATION STRATEGIES
// ============================================================
// This function implements various fuzzing mutation strategies
// Each strategy targets different types of vulnerabilities
// Returns an object describing the mutation so we can handle
// both text and binary payloads safely
function mutatePayload(seed) {
var mutations = [
// Strategy 1: Buffer overflow - very long strings
function() {
return { type: "string", value: "A".repeat(Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000)), description: "Long 'A' string" }
},

// Strategy 2: Format string bugs
function() {
return { type: "string", value: "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%n%n%n%n", description: "Format string" }
},

// Strategy 3: Null bytes and boundary characters
function() {
return {
type: "binary",
value: bytesToBuffer([0, 0, 0].concat(stringToBytes(seed), [0xff, 0xff, 0xff])),
description: "Boundary chars"
}
},

// Strategy 4: SQL injection patterns
function() {
return { type: "string", value: "' OR '1'='1", description: "SQL injection" }
},

// Strategy 5: XSS/script injection patterns
function() {
return { type: "string", value: "<script>alert(1)</script>", description: "XSS payload" }
},

// Strategy 6: Path traversal
function() {
return { type: "string", value: "../../../etc/passwd", description: "Path traversal" }
},

// Strategy 7: Invalid Unicode sequences
function() {
// Build deliberately malformed UTF sequence (includes null)
return {
type: "binary",
value: bytesToBuffer([0x00, 0xef, 0xff, 0xed, 0xa0, 0x80]),
description: "Invalid Unicode"
}
},

// Strategy 8: Extremely long repeated input
function() {
return { type: "string", value: seed.repeat(100), description: "Repeated seed" }
},

// Strategy 9: Null byte injection
function() {
return {
type: "binary",
value: bytesToBuffer(stringToBytes(seed).concat([0, 0, 0, 0])),
description: "Null byte injection"
}
},

// Strategy 10: Completely random bytes (binary payload)
function() {
var len = Math.floor(Math.random() * MAX_PAYLOAD_SIZE)
var bytes = []
for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
bytes.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 256))
}
return { type: "binary", value: bytesToBuffer(bytes), description: `Random ${len}-byte buffer` }
}
]

// Randomly select one mutation strategy
return mutations[Math.floor(Math.random() * mutations.length)]()
}

// ============================================================
// FIND TARGET FUNCTION
// ============================================================
const target_addr = Module.findExportByName(TARGET_MODULE, TARGET_FUNCTION)
if (!target_addr) {
console.log("[!] Target function not found!")
console.log("[*] Available functions (first 20):")
Module.enumerateExports(TARGET_MODULE).slice(0, 20).forEach(function(exp) {
console.log(`    - ${exp.name}`)
})
throw new Error("Function not found")
}

console.log(`[+] Found target at ${target_addr}`)

// ============================================================
// CREATE FUNCTION WRAPPER
// ============================================================
// Wrap the native function so we can call it from JavaScript
// Adjust signature if your function has different parameters
const target_func = new NativeFunction(
target_addr,
"void",                              // Return type
["pointer", "pointer", "pointer"],   // Argument types
{}
)

// ============================================================
// CAPTURE REQUIRED ARGUMENTS
// ============================================================
// Many functions need a context pointer or handle
// We capture it from a real call instead of guessing
var captured_arg = null
console.log("[*] Waiting to capture arguments...")
console.log("[*] Please trigger the function in the app!")

var hook = Interceptor.attach(target_addr, {
onEnter: function(args) {
if (!captured_arg) {
captured_arg = new NativePointer(args[0])
console.log(`[+] Captured arg: ${captured_arg}`)
}
}
})

// Wait for the function to be called
while (!captured_arg) {
Thread.sleep(0.1)
}
hook.detach()

// ============================================================
// START FUZZING LOOP
// ============================================================
console.log(`[*] Starting ${ITERATIONS} fuzzing iterations...`)
var tag = Memory.allocUtf8String("FUZZ")  // Static second argument
var crashes = 0
var startTime = Date.now()

for (var i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
var mutation = null
var payload_ptr = null
var payload_length = 0
var payload_preview = ""

try {
// ========================================================
// GENERATE MUTATED INPUT
// ========================================================
mutation = mutatePayload("Hello World")

if (mutation.type === "string") {
payload_length = mutation.value.length
payload_ptr = Memory.allocUtf8String(mutation.value)
payload_preview = mutation.value
} else {
payload_length = mutation.value.byteLength
var mem = Memory.alloc(payload_length + 1)
Memory.writeByteArray(mem, mutation.value)
mem.add(payload_length).writeU8(0)
payload_ptr = mem
payload_preview = hexdump(mem, { offset: 0, length: Math.min(payload_length, 32) })
}

// ========================================================
// EXECUTE TARGET FUNCTION
// ========================================================
target_func(captured_arg, tag, payload_ptr)

// ========================================================
// PROGRESS REPORTING
// ========================================================
if ((i + 1) % 100 == 0) {
var elapsed = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000
var rate = (i + 1) / elapsed
console.log(`[*] Progress: ${i + 1}/${ITERATIONS} (${rate.toFixed(2)} exec/s) | Last mutation: ${mutation.description}`)
}

} catch (e) {
// ========================================================
// CRASH DETECTED
// ========================================================
crashes++
console.log(`\n[!] CRASH at iteration ${i}`)
console.log(`[!] Mutation: ${mutation ? mutation.description : 'Unknown'}`)
console.log(`[!] Exception: ${e.message}`)
console.log(`[!] Payload length: ${payload_length} bytes`)
try {
console.log(`    Preview (truncated):\n${payload_preview}`)
} catch (err) {
console.log(`    (Could not display payload preview)`)
}

// Note: After a crash, app state might be corrupted
// Ideally should restart app here, but that's complex in simple fuzzer
}
}

// ============================================================
// FINAL STATISTICS
// ============================================================
var elapsed = (Date.now() - startTime) / 1000
console.log(`\n[+] Fuzzing complete!`)
console.log(`    Iterations: ${ITERATIONS}`)
console.log(`    Crashes: ${crashes}`)
console.log(`    Crash rate: ${((crashes / ITERATIONS) * 100).toFixed(2)}%`)
console.log(`    Duration: ${elapsed.toFixed(2)}s`)
console.log(`    Rate: ${(ITERATIONS / elapsed).toFixed(2)} exec/s`)

if (crashes > 0) {
console.log(`\n[!] Found ${crashes} crashes!`)
console.log(`[*] Check iOS crash logs at:`)
console.log(`    /private/var/mobile/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/`)
}

Endesha kwa:

frida -U -l simple-fuzzer.js <Program>

Mbinu Bora za Fuzzing

1. Start with small corpus: Anza na mkusanyiko mdogo — 3-5 well-formed inputs
2. Monitor memory: Tumia Process.enumerateRanges() kukagua memory leaks
3. Save interesting crashes: Angalia /var/mobile/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/ mara kwa mara
4. Use coverage feedback: AFL++ mode in fpicker inatoa coverage bora
5. Timeout detection: Ongeza timeouts kugundua hangs (sio tu crashes)
6. State restoration: Reset state ya app kati ya iterations inapowezekana
7. Multiple mutation strategies: Changanya random, format string, na grammar-based fuzzing
8. Log systematically: Hifadhi logs za kina za inputs zinazosababisha crashes

Logs & Crashes

Unaweza kuangalia konsoli ya macOS au log cli kuangalia macOS logs.
Pia unaweza kuangalia logs kutoka iOS kwa kutumia idevicesyslog.
Baadhi ya logs zitaficha taarifa kwa kuonyesha <private>. Ili kuonyesha taarifa zote unahitaji kusanisha profile fulani kutoka https://developer.apple.com/bug-reporting/profiles-and-logs/ ili kuwezesha taarifa hizo za kibinafsi.

Ikiwa haujui la kufanya:

vim /Library/Preferences/Logging/com.apple.system.logging.plist
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Enable-Private-Data</key>
<true/>
</dict>
</plist>

killall -9 logd

Unaweza kuangalia crash katika:

• iOS
• Settings → Privacy → Analytics & Improvements → Analytics Data
• /private/var/mobile/Library/Logs/CrashReporter/
• macOS:
• /Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports/
• ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports

Warning

iOS inahifadhi tu crash 25 za programu ile ile, hivyo unahitaji kuzifuta au iOS itakoma kuunda crash.

Ukaguzi na Ubadilishaji wa Kumbukumbu

Piga skani na badilisha kumbukumbu za mchakato:

// frida -U <program> -l /tmp/memory-scan.js

console.log("[*] Memory scanning and manipulation tools loaded")

// Search for string in memory
function findString(searchString) {
console.log(`[*] Searching for: "${searchString}"`)
var results = []

Process.enumerateRanges('r--').forEach(function(range) {
try {
Memory.scan(range.base, range.size, searchString, {
onMatch: function(address, size) {
results.push(address)
console.log(`[+] Found at: ${address}`)

// Read context around the match
try {
var context = address.readUtf8String(50)
console.log(`    Context: "${context}"`)
} catch (e) {}
},
onComplete: function() {}
})
} catch (e) {
// Range not readable
}
})

console.log(`[*] Found ${results.length} occurrences`)
return results
}

// Search for byte pattern
function findBytes(pattern) {
console.log(`[*] Searching for byte pattern: ${pattern}`)
var results = []

Process.enumerateRanges('r--').forEach(function(range) {
try {
Memory.scan(range.base, range.size, pattern, {
onMatch: function(address, size) {
results.push(address)
console.log(`[+] Found at: ${address}`)

// Dump bytes
var bytes = address.readByteArray(16)
console.log(`    Bytes: ${hexdump(bytes, { length: 16 })}`)
},
onComplete: function() {}
})
} catch (e) {}
})

return results
}

// Dump memory region
function dumpMemory(address, size) {
try {
var addr = ptr(address)
var data = addr.readByteArray(size)
console.log(hexdump(data, { offset: 0, length: size, header: true, ansi: true }))
return data
} catch (e) {
console.log(`[!] Failed to read memory: ${e.message}`)
return null
}
}

// Write to memory
function patchMemory(address, bytes) {
try {
var addr = ptr(address)

// Save original bytes
var original = addr.readByteArray(bytes.length)
console.log("[*] Original bytes:")
console.log(hexdump(original))

// Write new bytes
addr.writeByteArray(bytes)
console.log("[+] Memory patched successfully")
console.log("[*] New bytes:")
console.log(hexdump(addr.readByteArray(bytes.length)))

return true
} catch (e) {
console.log(`[!] Failed to patch memory: ${e.message}`)
return false
}
}

// Watch memory region for changes
function watchMemory(address, size) {
var addr = ptr(address)
var original = addr.readByteArray(size)

console.log(`[*] Watching ${size} bytes at ${address}`)

setInterval(function() {
var current = addr.readByteArray(size)
if (JSON.stringify(original) !== JSON.stringify(current)) {
console.log(`[!] Memory changed at ${address}`)
console.log("[*] Old:")
console.log(hexdump(original, { length: Math.min(size, 64) }))
console.log("[*] New:")
console.log(hexdump(current, { length: Math.min(size, 64) }))
original = current
}
}, 1000)
}

// Enumerate loaded modules and their ranges
function enumerateModules() {
console.log("\n[*] Loaded modules:")
Process.enumerateModules().forEach(function(module) {
console.log(`\n  ${module.name}`)
console.log(`    Base: ${module.base}`)
console.log(`    Size: ${module.size}`)
console.log(`    Path: ${module.path}`)
})
}

// Find pointers to a specific address
function findPointers(targetAddress) {
var target = ptr(targetAddress)
var results = []

console.log(`[*] Searching for pointers to ${target}`)

Process.enumerateRanges('r--').forEach(function(range) {
try {
Memory.scan(range.base, range.size, target.toString().slice(2), {
onMatch: function(address, size) {
results.push(address)
console.log(`[+] Pointer found at: ${address}`)
},
onComplete: function() {}
})
} catch (e) {}
})

return results
}

// Protection utilities
function getProtection(address) {
var addr = ptr(address)
var ranges = Process.enumerateRanges('---')

for (var i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
var range = ranges[i]
if (addr.compare(range.base) >= 0 &&
addr.compare(range.base.add(range.size)) < 0) {
return range.protection
}
}

return "unknown"
}

function changeProtection(address, size, protection) {
try {
Memory.protect(ptr(address), size, protection)
console.log(`[+] Changed protection at ${address} to ${protection}`)
return true
} catch (e) {
console.log(`[!] Failed to change protection: ${e.message}`)
return false
}
}

// Export functions for interactive use
rpc.exports = {
findString: findString,
findBytes: findBytes,
dumpMemory: dumpMemory,
patchMemory: patchMemory,
watchMemory: watchMemory,
enumerateModules: enumerateModules,
findPointers: findPointers,
getProtection: getProtection,
changeProtection: changeProtection
}

console.log("\n[+] Available functions:")
console.log("  - findString(str)")
console.log("  - findBytes(pattern)")
console.log("  - dumpMemory(address, size)")
console.log("  - patchMemory(address, [bytes])")
console.log("  - watchMemory(address, size)")
console.log("  - enumerateModules()")
console.log("  - findPointers(address)")
console.log("  - getProtection(address)")
console.log("  - changeProtection(address, size, 'rwx')")

// Example usage:
// findString("password")
// dumpMemory("0x100000000", 256)
// patchMemory("0x100000000", [0x90, 0x90, 0x90])

Mafunzo ya Frida Android

Frida Tutorial

Marejeo

• Mafunzo Bora ya Reversing
• Kuanzia na Frida
• Kukwepa utambuzi wa iOS Frida kwa LLDB na Frida

Tip

Jifunze na fanya mazoezi ya AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Jifunze na fanya mazoezi ya GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE) Jifunze na fanya mazoezi ya Azure Hacking: HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)

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