Pcap Inspection

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Kumbuka kuhusu PCAP dhidi ya PCAPNG: kuna toleo mbili za muundo wa faili wa PCAP; PCAPNG ni mpya na haikubaliwi na zana zote. Unaweza kuhitaji kubadilisha faili kutoka PCAPNG hadi PCAP kwa kutumia Wireshark au zana nyingine inayofaa, ili kufanya kazi nayo katika zana nyingine.

Zana za mtandaoni za pcaps

Toa Habari

Zana zifuatazo ni muhimu kutoa takwimu, faili, nk.

Wireshark

note

Ikiwa unakusudia kuchambua PCAP lazima ujue jinsi ya kutumia Wireshark

Unaweza kupata hila za Wireshark katika:

{{#ref}} wireshark-tricks.md {{#endref}}

https://apackets.com/

Uchambuzi wa pcap kutoka kivinjari.

Xplico Framework

Xplico (tu linux) inaweza kuchambua pcap na kutoa habari kutoka kwake. Kwa mfano, kutoka kwa faili ya pcap Xplico, inatoa kila barua pepe (protokali za POP, IMAP, na SMTP), maudhui yote ya HTTP, kila simu ya VoIP (SIP), FTP, TFTP, na kadhalika.

Sakinisha

bash
sudo bash -c 'echo "deb http://repo.xplico.org/ $(lsb_release -s -c) main" /etc/apt/sources.list'
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 791C25CE
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xplico

Kimbia

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
/etc/init.d/xplico start

Kupata 127.0.0.1:9876 kwa akauti xplico:xplico

Kisha tengeneza kesi mpya, tengeneza sehemu mpya ndani ya kesi na pakia faili ya pcap.

NetworkMiner

Kama Xplico, ni chombo cha kuchambua na kutoa vitu kutoka pcaps. Ina toleo la bure ambalo unaweza kupakua hapa. Inafanya kazi na Windows.
Chombo hiki pia ni muhimu kupata habari nyingine zilizochambuliwa kutoka kwa pakiti ili uweze kujua kilichokuwa kinaendelea kwa njia ya haraka.

NetWitness Investigator

Unaweza kupakua NetWitness Investigator kutoka hapa (Inafanya kazi kwenye Windows).
Hiki ni chombo kingine muhimu ambacho kuchambua pakiti na kupanga habari kwa njia inayofaa ili kujua kinachoendelea ndani.

BruteShark

  • Kutolewa na kuandika majina ya watumiaji na nywila (HTTP, FTP, Telnet, IMAP, SMTP...)
  • Kutolewa kwa hash za uthibitisho na kuzivunja kwa kutumia Hashcat (Kerberos, NTLM, CRAM-MD5, HTTP-Digest...)
  • Kujenga mchoro wa mtandao wa kuona (Vituo vya mtandao & watumiaji)
  • Kutolewa kwa maswali ya DNS
  • Kurekebisha Mikutano yote ya TCP & UDP
  • Kukata Faili
capinfos capture.pcap

Ngrep

Ikiwa unatafuta kitu ndani ya pcap unaweza kutumia ngrep. Hapa kuna mfano ukitumia vichujio vikuu:

bash
ngrep -I packets.pcap "^GET" "port 80 and tcp and host 192.168 and dst host 192.168 and src host 192.168"

Kukata

Kutumia mbinu za kawaida za kukata kunaweza kuwa na manufaa kutoa faili na taarifa kutoka kwa pcap:

{{#ref}} ../partitions-file-systems-carving/file-data-carving-recovery-tools.md {{#endref}}

Kukamata akidi

Unaweza kutumia zana kama https://github.com/lgandx/PCredz kuchambua akidi kutoka kwa pcap au kiolesura cha moja kwa moja.

Angalia Ukatili/Malware

Suricata

Sakinisha na weka mipangilio

apt-get install suricata
apt-get install oinkmaster
echo "url = http://rules.emergingthreats.net/open/suricata/emerging.rules.tar.gz" >> /etc/oinkmaster.conf
oinkmaster -C /etc/oinkmaster.conf -o /etc/suricata/rules

Angalia pcap

suricata -r packets.pcap -c /etc/suricata/suricata.yaml -k none -v -l log

YaraPcap

YaraPCAP ni chombo ambacho

  • Huasoma Faili la PCAP na Kutolewa kwa Mito ya Http.
  • gzip inachambua mitiririko yoyote iliyoshinikizwa
  • Inachunguza kila faili kwa yara
  • Inaandika ripoti.txt
  • Kwa hiari huhifadhi faili zinazolingana kwenye Dir

Uchambuzi wa Malware

Angalia kama unaweza kupata alama yoyote ya malware inayojulikana:

{{#ref}} ../malware-analysis.md {{#endref}}

Zeek

Zeek ni mchambuzi wa trafiki wa mtandao wa wazi na wa kupita. Waendeshaji wengi hutumia Zeek kama Msimamizi wa Usalama wa Mtandao (NSM) kusaidia uchunguzi wa shughuli za kushuku au zenye uharibifu. Zeek pia inasaidia aina mbalimbali za kazi za uchambuzi wa trafiki zaidi ya eneo la usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na kipimo cha utendaji na kutatua matatizo.

Kimsingi, kumbukumbu zinazoundwa na zeek si pcaps. Hivyo utahitaji kutumia vifaa vingine kuchambua kumbukumbu ambapo habari kuhusu pcaps ziko.

Taarifa za Munganisho

bash
#Get info about longest connections (add "grep udp" to see only udp traffic)
#The longest connection might be of malware (constant reverse shell?)
cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.orig_p id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service duration | sort -nrk 7 | head -n 10

10.55.100.100   49778   65.52.108.225   443     tcp     -       86222.365445
10.55.100.107   56099   111.221.29.113  443     tcp     -       86220.126151
10.55.100.110   60168   40.77.229.82    443     tcp     -       86160.119664


#Improve the metrics by summing up the total duration time for connections that have the same destination IP and Port.
cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += $5 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10

10.55.100.100   65.52.108.225   443     tcp     86222.4
10.55.100.107   111.221.29.113  443     tcp     86220.1
10.55.100.110   40.77.229.82    443     tcp     86160.1

#Get the number of connections summed up per each line
cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h duration | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2] += $3; count[$1 FS $2] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s%s%s\n", key, FS, count[key], FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 4 | head -n 10

10.55.100.100   65.52.108.225   1       86222.4
10.55.100.107   111.221.29.113  1       86220.1
10.55.100.110   40.77.229.82    134       86160.1

#Check if any IP is connecting to 1.1.1.1
cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto service | grep '1.1.1.1' | sort | uniq -c

#Get number of connections per source IP, dest IP and dest Port
cat conn.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h id.resp_h id.resp_p proto | awk 'BEGIN{ FS="\t" } { arr[$1 FS $2 FS $3 FS $4] += 1 } END{ for (key in arr) printf "%s%s%s\n", key, FS, arr[key] }' | sort -nrk 5 | head -n 10


# RITA
#Something similar can be done with the tool rita
rita show-long-connections -H --limit 10 zeek_logs

+---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+
|   SOURCE IP   | DESTINATION IP | DSTPORT:PROTOCOL:SERVICE |    DURATION    |
+---------------+----------------+--------------------------+----------------+
| 10.55.100.100 | 65.52.108.225  | 443:tcp:-                | 23h57m2.3655s  |
| 10.55.100.107 | 111.221.29.113 | 443:tcp:-                | 23h57m0.1262s  |
| 10.55.100.110 | 40.77.229.82   | 443:tcp:-                | 23h56m0.1197s  |

#Get connections info from rita
rita show-beacons zeek_logs | head -n 10
Score,Source IP,Destination IP,Connections,Avg Bytes,Intvl Range,Size Range,Top Intvl,Top Size,Top Intvl Count,Top Size Count,Intvl Skew,Size Skew,Intvl Dispersion,Size Dispersion
1,192.168.88.2,165.227.88.15,108858,197,860,182,1,89,53341,108319,0,0,0,0
1,10.55.100.111,165.227.216.194,20054,92,29,52,1,52,7774,20053,0,0,0,0
0.838,10.55.200.10,205.251.194.64,210,69,29398,4,300,70,109,205,0,0,0,0

Taarifa za DNS

bash
#Get info about each DNS request performed
cat dns.log | zeek-cut -c id.orig_h query qtype_name answers

#Get the number of times each domain was requested and get the top 10
cat dns.log | zeek-cut query | sort | uniq | rev | cut -d '.' -f 1-2 | rev | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head -n 10

#Get all the IPs
cat dns.log | zeek-cut id.orig_h query | grep 'example\.com' | cut -f 1 | sort | uniq -c

#Sort the most common DNS record request (should be A)
cat dns.log | zeek-cut qtype_name | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr

#See top DNS domain requested with rita
rita show-exploded-dns -H --limit 10 zeek_logs

Njia Nyingine za Uchambuzi wa pcap

{{#ref}} dnscat-exfiltration.md {{#endref}}

{{#ref}} wifi-pcap-analysis.md {{#endref}}

{{#ref}} usb-keystrokes.md {{#endref}}

​

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