Frida Tutorial

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Installation

Install frida tools:

pip install frida-tools
pip install frida

Download and install in the android the frida server (Download the latest release).
One-liner to restart adb in root mode, connect to it, upload frida-server, give exec permissions and run it in backgroud:

adb root; adb connect localhost:6000; sleep 1; adb push frida-server /data/local/tmp/; adb shell "chmod 755 /data/local/tmp/frida-server"; adb shell "/data/local/tmp/frida-server &"

Check if it is working:

frida-ps -U #List packages and processes
frida-ps -U | grep -i <part_of_the_package_name> #Get all the package name

Frida server vs. Gadget (root vs. no-root)

Two common ways to instrument Android apps with Frida:

  • Frida server (rooted devices): Push and run a native daemon that lets you attach to any process.
  • Frida Gadget (no root): Bundle Frida as a shared library inside the APK and auto-load it within the target process.

Frida server (rooted)

# Download the matching frida-server binary for your device's arch
# https://github.com/frida/frida/releases
adb root
adb push frida-server-<ver>-android-<arch> /data/local/tmp/frida-server
adb shell chmod 755 /data/local/tmp/frida-server
adb shell /data/local/tmp/frida-server &    # run at boot via init/magisk if desired

# From host, list processes and attach
frida-ps -Uai
frida -U -n com.example.app

Frida Gadget (no-root)

  1. Unpack the APK, add the gadget .so and config:
  • Place libfrida-gadget.so into lib/<abi>/ (e.g., lib/arm64-v8a/)
  • Create assets/frida-gadget.config with your script loading settings

Example frida-gadget.config

{
  "interaction": { "type": "script", "path": "/sdcard/ssl-bypass.js" },
  "runtime": { "logFile": "/sdcard/frida-gadget.log" }
}
  1. Reference/load the gadget so it’s initialized early:
  • Easiest: Add a small Java stub to System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”) in Application.onCreate(), or use native lib loading already present.
  1. Repack and sign the APK, then install:
apktool d app.apk -o app_m
# ... add gadget .so and config ...
apktool b app_m -o app_gadget.apk
uber-apk-signer -a app_gadget.apk -o out_signed
adb install -r out_signed/app_gadget-aligned-debugSigned.apk
  1. Attach from host to the gadget process:
frida-ps -Uai
frida -U -n com.example.app

Notes

  • Gadget is detected by some protections; keep names/paths stealthy and load late/conditionally if needed.
  • On hardened apps, prefer rooted testing with server + late attach, or combine with Magisk/Zygisk hiding.

JDWP-based Frida injection without root/repackaging (frida-jdwp-loader)

If the APK is debuggable (android:debuggable=“true”), you can attach over JDWP and inject a native library at a Java breakpoint. No root and no APK repackaging.

  • Repo: https://github.com/frankheat/frida-jdwp-loader
  • Requirements: ADB, Python 3, USB/Wireless debugging. App must be debuggable (emulator with ro.debuggable=1, rooted device with resetprop, or rebuild manifest).

Quick start

git clone https://github.com/frankheat/frida-jdwp-loader.git
cd frida-jdwp-loader
# Inject frida-gadget.so into a debuggable target
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication
# Keep the breakpoint thread suspended for early hooks
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication -s
# Networkless: run a local agent script via Gadget "script" mode
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication -i script -l script.js

Notes

  • Modes: spawn (break at Application.onCreate) or attach (break at Activity.onStart). Use -b to set a specific Java method, -g to select Gadget version/path, -p to choose JDWP port.
  • Listen mode: forward Gadget (default 127.0.0.1:27042) if needed: adb forward tcp:27042 tcp:27042; then frida-ps -H 127.0.0.1:27042.
  • This leverages JDWP debugging. Risk is shipping debuggable builds or exposing JDWP.

Self-contained agent + Gadget embedding (Frida 17+; automated with Objection)

Frida 17 removed the built-in Java/ObjC bridges from GumJS. If your agent hooks Java, you must include the Java bridge inside your bundle.

  1. Create a Frida agent (TypeScript) and include the Java bridge
# Scaffolding
frida-create -t agent -o mod
cd mod && npm install
# Install the Java bridge for Frida 17+
npm install frida-java-bridge
# Dev loop (optional live-reload via REPL)
npm run watch

Minimal Java hook (forces dice rolls to 1):

import Java from "frida-java-bridge";

Java.perform(function () {
  var dicer = Java.use("org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.dicer.Dicer");
  dicer.rollDice.implementation = function (numDice: number, numFaces: number) {
    return Array(numDice).fill(1);
  };
});

Build a single bundle for embedding:

npm run build    # produces _agent.js via frida-compile

Quick USB test (optional):

frida -U -f org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer -l _agent.js
  1. Configure Gadget to auto-load your script Objection’s patcher expects a Gadget config; when using script mode, specify the on-disk path inside the APK lib dir:
{
  "interaction": {
    "type": "script",
    "path": "libfrida-gadget.script.so"
  }
}
  1. Automate APK patching with Objection
# Embed Gadget, config, and your compiled agent into the APK; rebuild and sign
objection patchapk -s org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.apk \
  -c gadget-config.json \
  -l mod/_agent.js \
  --use-aapt2

What patchapk does (high level):

  • Detects device ABI (e.g., arm64-v8a) and fetches matching Gadget
  • Optionally adds android.permission.INTERNET when needed
  • Injects a static class initializer calling System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”) into the launch activity
  • Places the following under lib/<abi>/:
    • libfrida-gadget.so
    • libfrida-gadget.config.so (serialized config)
    • libfrida-gadget.script.so (your _agent.js)

Example injected smali (static initializer):

.method static constructor <clinit>()V
    .locals 1
    const-string v0, "frida-gadget"
    invoke-static {v0}, Ljava/lang/System;->loadLibrary(Ljava/lang/String;)V
    return-void
.end method
  1. Verify the repack
apktool d org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.apk
apktool d org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.objection.apk
# Inspect differences
diff -r org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.objection

Expected changes:

  • AndroidManifest.xml may include <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
  • New native libs under lib/<abi>/ as above
  • Launchable activity smali contains a static <clinit> that calls System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”)
  1. Split APKs
  • Patch the base APK (the one that declares MAIN/LAUNCHER activity)
  • Re-sign remaining splits with the same key:
objection signapk split1.apk split2.apk ...
  • Install splits together:
adb install-multiple split1.apk split2.apk ...
  • For distribution, you can merge splits into a single APK with APKEditor, then align/sign

Tutorials

Tutorial 1

From: https://medium.com/infosec-adventures/introduction-to-frida-5a3f51595ca1
APK: https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo/releases
Source Code: https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo

Follow the link to read it.

Tutorial 2

From: https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/ (Parts 2, 3 & 4)
APKs and Source code: https://github.com/11x256/frida-android-examples

Follow the link to read it.

Tutorial 3

From: https://joshspicer.com/android-frida-1
APK: https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Crackmes/Android/Level_01/UnCrackable-Level1.apk

Follow the link to read it.

You can find more Awesome Frida scripts here: https://codeshare.frida.re/

Quick Examples

Calling Frida from command line

frida-ps -U

#Basic frida hooking
frida -l disableRoot.js -f owasp.mstg.uncrackable1

#Hooking before starting the app
frida -U --no-pause -l disableRoot.js -f owasp.mstg.uncrackable1
#The --no-pause and -f options allow the app to be spawned automatically,
#frozen so that the instrumentation can occur, and the automatically
#continue execution with our modified code.

Basic Python Script

import frida, sys

jscode = open(sys.argv[0]).read()
process = frida.get_usb_device().attach('infosecadventures.fridademo')
script = process.create_script(jscode)
print('[ * ] Running Frida Demo application')
script.load()
sys.stdin.read()

Hooking functions without parameters

Hook the function a() of the class sg.vantagepoint.a.c

Java.perform(function () {
  rootcheck1.a.overload().implementation = function() {
    send("sg.vantagepoint.a.c.a()Z   Root check 1 HIT!  su.exists()")
    return false;
  };
});

Hook java exit()

var sysexit = Java.use("java.lang.System")
sysexit.exit.overload("int").implementation = function (var_0) {
  send("java.lang.System.exit(I)V  // We avoid exiting the application  :)")
}

Hook MainActivity .onStart() & .onCreate()

var mainactivity = Java.use("sg.vantagepoint.uncrackable1.MainActivity")
mainactivity.onStart.overload().implementation = function () {
  send("MainActivity.onStart() HIT!!!")
  var ret = this.onStart.overload().call(this)
}
mainactivity.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").implementation = function (
  var_0
) {
  send("MainActivity.onCreate() HIT!!!")
  var ret = this.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").call(this, var_0)
}

Hook android .onCreate()

var activity = Java.use("android.app.Activity")
activity.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").implementation = function (
  var_0
) {
  send("Activity HIT!!!")
  var ret = this.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").call(this, var_0)
}

Hooking functions with parameters and retrieving the value

Hooking a decryption function. Print the input, call the original function decrypt the input and finally, print the plain data:

Hooking a decryption function (Java) — print inputs/outputs 
function getString(data) {
  var ret = ""
  for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
    ret += data[i].toString()
  }
  return ret
}
var aes_decrypt = Java.use("sg.vantagepoint.a.a")
aes_decrypt.a.overload("[B", "[B").implementation = function (var_0, var_1) {
  send("sg.vantagepoint.a.a.a([B[B)[B   doFinal(enc)  // AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding")
  send("Key       : " + getString(var_0))
  send("Encrypted : " + getString(var_1))
  var ret = this.a.overload("[B", "[B").call(this, var_0, var_1)
  send("Decrypted : " + ret)

  var flag = ""
  for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) {
    flag += String.fromCharCode(ret[i])
  }
  send("Decrypted flag: " + flag)
  return ret //[B
}

Hooking functions and calling them with our input

Hook a function that receives a string and call it with other string (from here)

var string_class = Java.use("java.lang.String") // get a JS wrapper for java's String class

my_class.fun.overload("java.lang.String").implementation = function (x) {
  //hooking the new function
  var my_string = string_class.$new("My TeSt String#####") //creating a new String by using `new` operator
  console.log("Original arg: " + x)
  var ret = this.fun(my_string) // calling the original function with the new String, and putting its return value in ret variable
  console.log("Return value: " + ret)
  return ret
}

Getting an already created object of a class

If you want to extract some attribute of a created object you can use this.

In this example you are going to see how to get the object of the class my_activity and how to call the function .secret() that will print a private attribute of the object:

Java.choose("com.example.a11x256.frida_test.my_activity", {
  onMatch: function (instance) {
    //This function will be called for every instance found by frida
    console.log("Found instance: " + instance)
    console.log("Result of secret func: " + instance.secret())
  },
  onComplete: function () {},
})

Other Frida tutorials

References

Tip

Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Learn & practice Az Hacking: HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)

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