Frida 教程

Tip

学习和实践 AWS 黑客技术:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
学习和实践 GCP 黑客技术:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE) 学习和实践 Azure 黑客技术:HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)

支持 HackTricks

安装

安装 frida tools:

pip install frida-tools
pip install frida

在 android 上下载并安装 frida server (Download the latest release).
一行命令:重启 adb 至 root 模式、连接设备、上传 frida-server、赋予 exec 权限并在后台运行:

adb root; adb connect localhost:6000; sleep 1; adb push frida-server /data/local/tmp/; adb shell "chmod 755 /data/local/tmp/frida-server"; adb shell "/data/local/tmp/frida-server &"

检查 它是否工作:

frida-ps -U #List packages and processes
frida-ps -U | grep -i <part_of_the_package_name> #Get all the package name

Frida server vs. Gadget (root vs. no-root)

使用 Frida 对 Android 应用进行插桩的两种常见方式:

  • Frida server (rooted devices): 推送并运行一个本地守护进程,允许你附加到任意进程。
  • Frida Gadget (no root): 将 Frida 作为共享库打包进 APK,并在目标进程中自动加载。

Frida server (rooted)

# Download the matching frida-server binary for your device's arch
# https://github.com/frida/frida/releases
adb root
adb push frida-server-<ver>-android-<arch> /data/local/tmp/frida-server
adb shell chmod 755 /data/local/tmp/frida-server
adb shell /data/local/tmp/frida-server &    # run at boot via init/magisk if desired

# From host, list processes and attach
frida-ps -Uai
frida -U -n com.example.app

Frida Gadget (no-root)

  1. 解包 APK,添加 gadget .so 和配置:
  • 将 libfrida-gadget.so 放入 lib/<abi>/(例如,lib/arm64-v8a/)
  • 创建 assets/frida-gadget.config,并配置你的脚本加载设置

Example frida-gadget.config

{
"interaction": { "type": "script", "path": "/sdcard/ssl-bypass.js" },
"runtime": { "logFile": "/sdcard/frida-gadget.log" }
}
  1. 引用/加载 gadget 以便它尽早初始化:
  • 最简单:在 Application.onCreate() 中添加一个小的 Java stub 来调用 System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”),或使用已存在的本地库加载机制。
  1. 重新打包并签名 APK,然后安装:
apktool d app.apk -o app_m
# ... add gadget .so and config ...
apktool b app_m -o app_gadget.apk
uber-apk-signer -a app_gadget.apk -o out_signed
adb install -r out_signed/app_gadget-aligned-debugSigned.apk
  1. 从主机附加到 gadget 进程:
frida-ps -Uai
frida -U -n com.example.app

注意

  • Gadget 会被某些防护检测到;必要时保持名称/路径隐蔽,并延迟或有条件地加载。
  • 对于加固应用,优先使用 rooted testing,并配合 server + late attach,或结合 Magisk/Zygisk 隐藏。

基于 JDWP 的 Frida 注入(无需 root/重打包)(frida-jdwp-loader)

如果 APK 可调试(android:debuggable=“true”),你可以通过 JDWP 附加并在 Java 断点处注入本地库。无需 root 且无需对 APK 重新打包。

  • Repo: https://github.com/frankheat/frida-jdwp-loader
  • Requirements: ADB, Python 3, USB/Wireless debugging。应用必须可调试(emulator with ro.debuggable=1、rooted device with resetprop,或重建 manifest)。

快速开始

git clone https://github.com/frankheat/frida-jdwp-loader.git
cd frida-jdwp-loader
# Inject frida-gadget.so into a debuggable target
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication
# Keep the breakpoint thread suspended for early hooks
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication -s
# Networkless: run a local agent script via Gadget "script" mode
python frida-jdwp-loader.py frida -n com.example.myapplication -i script -l script.js

注意

  • 模式:spawn(在 Application.onCreate 中断)或 attach(在 Activity.onStart 中断)。使用 -b 指定具体 Java 方法,使用 -g 选择 Gadget 版本/路径,使用 -p 指定 JDWP 端口。
  • 监听模式:如有需要,转发 Gadget(默认 127.0.0.1:27042):adb forward tcp:27042 tcp:27042;然后运行 frida-ps -H 127.0.0.1:27042
  • 这依赖 JDWP 调试。风险在于发布了 debuggable 构建或暴露 JDWP。

Self-contained agent + Gadget 嵌入 (Frida 17+;可用 Objection 自动化)

Frida 17 从 GumJS 中移除了内置的 Java/ObjC bridges。如果你的 agent 钩取 Java,你必须在 bundle 中包含 Java bridge。

  1. 创建一个 Frida agent(TypeScript),并包含 Java bridge
# Scaffolding
frida-create -t agent -o mod
cd mod && npm install
# Install the Java bridge for Frida 17+
npm install frida-java-bridge
# Dev loop (optional live-reload via REPL)
npm run watch

最小的 Java hook(强制骰子掷出 1):

import Java from "frida-java-bridge";

Java.perform(function () {
var dicer = Java.use("org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.dicer.Dicer");
dicer.rollDice.implementation = function (numDice: number, numFaces: number) {
return Array(numDice).fill(1);
};
});

为嵌入构建单个 bundle:

npm run build    # produces _agent.js via frida-compile

快速 USB 测试(可选):

frida -U -f org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer -l _agent.js
  1. 配置 Gadget 以自动加载你的 script Objection’s patcher 期望一个 Gadget config;在使用 script mode 时,指定位于 APK lib dir 内的 on-disk path:
{
"interaction": {
"type": "script",
"path": "libfrida-gadget.script.so"
}
}
  1. 使用 Objection 自动化 APK 修补
# Embed Gadget, config, and your compiled agent into the APK; rebuild and sign
objection patchapk -s org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.apk \
-c gadget-config.json \
-l mod/_agent.js \
--use-aapt2

patchapk 的功能(概览):

  • 检测设备 ABI(例如 arm64-v8a)并获取匹配的 Gadget
  • 在需要时可选地添加 android.permission.INTERNET
  • 在启动 Activity 中注入一个静态类初始化器,调用 System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”)
  • 将以下文件放置在 lib/<abi>/ 下:
  • libfrida-gadget.so
  • libfrida-gadget.config.so(序列化的配置)
  • libfrida-gadget.script.so(你的 _agent.js)

示例注入的 smali(静态初始化器):

.method static constructor <clinit>()V
.locals 1
const-string v0, "frida-gadget"
invoke-static {v0}, Ljava/lang/System;->loadLibrary(Ljava/lang/String;)V
return-void
.end method
  1. 验证 repack
apktool d org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.apk
apktool d org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.objection.apk
# Inspect differences
diff -r org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer org.secuso.privacyfriendlydicer.objection

Expected changes:

  • AndroidManifest.xml 可能包含 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
  • lib/<abi>/ 下有新的 native libs,如上所述
  • 可启动的 activity smali 包含一个静态的 <clinit>,它调用 System.loadLibrary(“frida-gadget”)
  1. 拆分 APKs
  • 修补 base APK(声明 MAIN/LAUNCHER activity 的那个)
  • 使用相同的密钥对剩余的 splits 重新签名:
objection signapk split1.apk split2.apk ...
  • 一起安装 splits:
adb install-multiple split1.apk split2.apk ...
  • 用于分发时,你可以使用 APKEditor 将 splits 合并成单个 APK,然后对齐/签名

Clearing FLAG_SECURE during dynamic analysis

调用 getWindow().setFlags(LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE, LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE) 的应用会阻止截屏、远程显示甚至 Android 的最近任务快照。当 Freedom Chat 强制启用此标志时,记录 leaks 的唯一方法是运行时篡改窗口。一个可靠的模式是:

  • Hook 每个可以重新应用该标志的 Window 重载(setFlagsaddFlagssetAttributes),并屏蔽位 0x00002000WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE)。
  • 在每个 activity 恢复后,安排一个在 UI 线程调用 clearFlags(FLAG_SECURE),以便之后创建的 Dialogs/Fragments 继承解锁状态。
  • 使用 React Native / Flutter 构建的应用通常会创建嵌套窗口;如果仍然看到黑帧,hook android.app.Dialog/android.view.View 辅助方法或遍历 getWindow().peekDecorView()
Frida hook clearing Window.FLAG_SECURE ```javascript Java.perform(function () { var LayoutParams = Java.use("android.view.WindowManager$LayoutParams"); var FLAG_SECURE = LayoutParams.FLAG_SECURE.value; var Window = Java.use("android.view.Window"); var Activity = Java.use("android.app.Activity");

function strip(value) { var masked = value & (~FLAG_SECURE); if (masked !== value) { console.log(“[-] Stripped FLAG_SECURE from 0x” + value.toString(16)); } return masked; }

Window.setFlags.overload(‘int’, ‘int’).implementation = function (flags, mask) { return this.setFlags.call(this, strip(flags), strip(mask)); };

Window.addFlags.implementation = function (flags) { return this.addFlags.call(this, strip(flags)); };

Window.setAttributes.implementation = function (attrs) { attrs.flags.value = strip(attrs.flags.value); return this.setAttributes.call(this, attrs); };

Activity.onResume.implementation = function () { this.onResume(); var self = this; Java.scheduleOnMainThread(function () { try { self.getWindow().clearFlags(FLAG_SECURE); console.log(“[+] Cleared FLAG_SECURE on “ + self.getClass().getName()); } catch (err) { console.log(”[!] clearFlags failed: “ + err); } }); }; });

</details>

使用 `frida -U -f <package> -l disable-flag-secure.js --no-pause` 运行脚本,与 UI 交互,截图/录制将再次可用。由于所有操作都发生在 UI 线程上,因此不会出现闪烁,并且你仍然可以将该 hook 与 HTTP Toolkit/Burp 结合使用,以捕获揭露 `/channel` PIN leak 的流量。

## 教程

### [Tutorial 1](frida-tutorial-1.md)

**From**: [https://medium.com/infosec-adventures/introduction-to-frida-5a3f51595ca1](https://medium.com/infosec-adventures/introduction-to-frida-5a3f51595ca1)\
**APK**: [https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo/releases](https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo/releases)\
**Source Code**: [https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo](https://github.com/t0thkr1s/frida-demo)

**Follow the [link to read it](frida-tutorial-1.md).**

### [Tutorial 2](frida-tutorial-2.md)

**From**: [https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/](https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/) (Parts 2, 3 & 4)\
**APKs and Source code**: [https://github.com/11x256/frida-android-examples](https://github.com/11x256/frida-android-examples)

**Follow the [link to read it.](frida-tutorial-2.md)**

### [Tutorial 3](owaspuncrackable-1.md)

**From**: [https://joshspicer.com/android-frida-1](https://joshspicer.com/android-frida-1)\
**APK**: [https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Crackmes/Android/Level_01/UnCrackable-Level1.apk](https://github.com/OWASP/owasp-mstg/blob/master/Crackmes/Android/Level_01/UnCrackable-Level1.apk)

**Follow the [link to read it](owaspuncrackable-1.md).**

**You can find more Awesome Frida scripts here:** [**https://codeshare.frida.re/**](https://codeshare.frida.re)

## 快速示例

### 在命令行调用 Frida
```bash
frida-ps -U

#Basic frida hooking
frida -l disableRoot.js -f owasp.mstg.uncrackable1

#Hooking before starting the app
frida -U --no-pause -l disableRoot.js -f owasp.mstg.uncrackable1
#The --no-pause and -f options allow the app to be spawned automatically,
#frozen so that the instrumentation can occur, and the automatically
#continue execution with our modified code.

基本 Python 脚本

import frida, sys

jscode = open(sys.argv[0]).read()
process = frida.get_usb_device().attach('infosecadventures.fridademo')
script = process.create_script(jscode)
print('[ * ] Running Frida Demo application')
script.load()
sys.stdin.read()

Hooking 无参数函数

Hook 类 sg.vantagepoint.a.c 的函数 a()

Java.perform(function () {
rootcheck1.a.overload().implementation = function() {
send("sg.vantagepoint.a.c.a()Z   Root check 1 HIT!  su.exists()")
return false;
};
});

Hook java 的 exit()

var sysexit = Java.use("java.lang.System")
sysexit.exit.overload("int").implementation = function (var_0) {
send("java.lang.System.exit(I)V  // We avoid exiting the application  :)")
}

Hook MainActivity .onStart().onCreate()

var mainactivity = Java.use("sg.vantagepoint.uncrackable1.MainActivity")
mainactivity.onStart.overload().implementation = function () {
send("MainActivity.onStart() HIT!!!")
var ret = this.onStart.overload().call(this)
}
mainactivity.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").implementation = function (
var_0
) {
send("MainActivity.onCreate() HIT!!!")
var ret = this.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").call(this, var_0)
}

Hook android 的 .onCreate()

var activity = Java.use("android.app.Activity")
activity.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").implementation = function (
var_0
) {
send("Activity HIT!!!")
var ret = this.onCreate.overload("android.os.Bundle").call(this, var_0)
}

Hooking 带参数的函数并检索返回值

Hooking a decryption function。打印输入,调用原始函数对输入进行 decrypt,最后打印明文数据:

Hooking a decryption function (Java) — 打印输入/输出 ```javascript function getString(data) { var ret = "" for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) { ret += data[i].toString() } return ret } var aes_decrypt = Java.use("sg.vantagepoint.a.a") aes_decrypt.a.overload("[B", "[B").implementation = function (var_0, var_1) { send("sg.vantagepoint.a.a.a([B[B)[B doFinal(enc) // AES/ECB/PKCS7Padding") send("Key : " + getString(var_0)) send("Encrypted : " + getString(var_1)) var ret = this.a.overload("[B", "[B").call(this, var_0, var_1) send("Decrypted : " + ret)

var flag = “” for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i++) { flag += String.fromCharCode(ret[i]) } send(“Decrypted flag: “ + flag) return ret //[B }

</details>

### Hooking 函数并用我们的输入调用它们

Hook 一个接收 string 的函数,并用另一个 string 调用它 (from [here](https://11x256.github.io/Frida-hooking-android-part-2/))
```javascript
var string_class = Java.use("java.lang.String") // get a JS wrapper for java's String class

my_class.fun.overload("java.lang.String").implementation = function (x) {
//hooking the new function
var my_string = string_class.$new("My TeSt String#####") //creating a new String by using `new` operator
console.log("Original arg: " + x)
var ret = this.fun(my_string) // calling the original function with the new String, and putting its return value in ret variable
console.log("Return value: " + ret)
return ret
}

获取已创建的类对象

如果你想提取已创建对象的某个属性,可以使用此方法。

在本示例中,你将看到如何获取类 my_activity 的对象,以及如何调用函数 .secret(),该函数会打印对象的私有属性:

Java.choose("com.example.a11x256.frida_test.my_activity", {
onMatch: function (instance) {
//This function will be called for every instance found by frida
console.log("Found instance: " + instance)
console.log("Result of secret func: " + instance.secret())
},
onComplete: function () {},
})

其他 Frida 教程

参考资料

Tip

学习和实践 AWS 黑客技术:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
学习和实践 GCP 黑客技术:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE) 学习和实践 Azure 黑客技术:HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)

支持 HackTricks