Document Steganography
Tip
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Documents are often just containers:
- PDF (embedded files, streams)
- Office OOXML (
.docx/.xlsx/.pptxare ZIPs) - RTF / OLE legacy formats
Technique
PDF is a structured container with objects, streams, and optional embedded files. In CTFs you often need to:
- Extract embedded attachments
- Decompress/flatten object streams so you can search content
- Identify hidden objects (JS, embedded images, odd streams)
Quick checks
pdfinfo file.pdf
pdfdetach -list file.pdf
pdfdetach -saveall file.pdf
qpdf --qdf --object-streams=disable file.pdf out.pdf
Then search inside out.pdf for suspicious objects/strings.
Office OOXML
Technique
Treat OOXML as a ZIP + XML relationship graph; payloads often hide in media, relationships, or odd custom parts.
OOXML files are ZIP containers. That means:
- The document is a directory tree of XML and assets.
- The
_rels/relationship files can point to external resources or hidden parts. - Embedded data frequently lives in
word/media/, custom XML parts, or unusual relationships.
Quick checks
7z l file.docx
7z x file.docx -oout
Then inspect:
word/document.xmlword/_rels/for external relationships- embedded media in
word/media/
Tip
Learn & practice AWS Hacking:
HackTricks Training AWS Red Team Expert (ARTE)
Learn & practice GCP Hacking:HackTricks Training GCP Red Team Expert (GRTE)
Learn & practice Az Hacking:HackTricks Training Azure Red Team Expert (AzRTE)
Support HackTricks
- Check the subscription plans!
- Join the 💬 Discord group or the telegram group or follow us on Twitter 🐦 @hacktricks_live.
- Share hacking tricks by submitting PRs to the HackTricks and HackTricks Cloud github repos.
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